Скачать или смотреть 15. Special Products From Amino Acids Melanin, Thyroid Hormone, Tyramine

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Special Products from Amino Acids | Melanin, Thyroid Hormone & Tyramine | Medical Biochemistry | USMLE Step 1 MBBS

👋 Hey future doctors and biochemistry enthusiasts! Did you know that the amino acid Tyrosine is a true “biochemical superstar”? 🌟 From this single amino acid, the body produces pigments, hormones, and neurotransmitters that are vital for survival. In this lecture, we’ll focus on three high-yield derivatives: Melanin, Thyroid Hormones, and Tyramine.

These molecules are clinically important and frequently tested in MBBS, NEET PG, FMGE, and USMLE Step 1 exams — making this topic a must-know! 🧬📚

🌟 Key Derivatives of Tyrosine

1️⃣ Melanin 🎨

Pathway: Tyrosine → DOPA → DOPAquinone → Melanin (enzyme: Tyrosinase).

Function: Pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes; protection against UV radiation.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Albinism – due to tyrosinase deficiency → absent melanin.
• Parkinson’s disease – ↓ neuromelanin in substantia nigra.

2️⃣ Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4) 🔥

Pathway: Tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin → iodination → coupling → T3 (triiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine).

Function: Regulate basal metabolic rate, growth, and development.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Hypothyroidism – fatigue, weight gain, cretinism in infants.
• Hyperthyroidism – weight loss, tachycardia, exophthalmos.

3️⃣ Tyramine ⚡

Pathway: Decarboxylation of tyrosine → Tyramine.

Function: Acts as an indirect sympathomimetic, increasing release of norepinephrine.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Found in aged cheese, wine, and fermented foods.
• Hypertensive crisis in MAO inhibitor (MAOI) users – “Cheese reaction.”

🎯 Exam Integration

Tyrosine is the common precursor for melanin, thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and tyramine.

High-yield questions often test enzyme defects (tyrosinase in albinism, iodination in thyroid disorders) or drug interactions (tyramine + MAOIs).

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❓Got requests for more amino acid derivatives (e.g., catecholamines, serotonin, creatine)? Drop them in the comments — we’d love to cover them one by one! 😊

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