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a gearless transmission (or elbow mechanism) transfers rotational power between shafts at an angle (often 90°) without traditional gears, using linked rods or sliders that move within cylindrical slots, offering simpler, cheaper, compact alternatives for low-torque tasks like tower clocks or drilling machines, though limited in high-power applications.
Working Principle (Elbow Mechanism)
Components: It uses an input shaft, an output shaft, and several (e.g., 3-8) identical, bent cylindrical linkages (pins) connecting hubs.
Input Rotation: The input shaft rotates, causing its hub to turn.
Linkage Action: The input hub pushes the bent links, which slide within holes in a stationary housing or another hub.
Power Transfer: This sliding motion translates into a rocking or reciprocating movement of the links.
Output Rotation: The links then push the output hub, causing it to rotate and transfer power to the driven shaft, even if it's at a 90° angle to the input.
Advantages
Simplicity & Cost: Fewer complex parts, making them cheaper to manufacture.
Compactness: Ideal for tight spaces where gears would be bulky.
Angle Versatility: Can transmit power at various fixed angles (0-180°).
Limitations
Low Torque: Not suited for high-torque, high-speed applications.
Fixed Ratios: Generally have fixed speed/torque ratios, unlike geared systems.
Applications
Tower clocks (e.g., historic London clock)
Drilling machines (for angular drilling)
Lubrication pumps (CNC lathes)
Periscope movement (submarines)
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