Ulcerative Colitis Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

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*Ulcerative Colitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment*

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the inner lining of the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ulcers. Its exact cause remains unknown but is thought to involve genetic factors, an overactive immune response, and environmental triggers.

*Symptoms* of UC include:
- Diarrhea, often with blood or pus
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Urgency to defecate
- Fatigue
- Weight loss

*Causes* may involve:
- Immune system malfunctions where the body attacks its colon lining
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental factors like diet or stress

*Treatment* focuses on managing symptoms, including:
- **Medications**: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, or biologics
- **Lifestyle Changes**: Diet adjustments and stress management
- **Surgery**: In severe cases, removal of the colon may be necessary.

Managing UC involves ongoing treatment and lifestyle adaptation to improve quality of life.