History and how do trains work - pantograph-high speed rail

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A train is a form of transport consisting of a series of connected vehicles that generally runs along a railroad track to transport cargo or passengers.
It represented a turning point in history that changed world forever. Without trains and railroads the world would be an altogether different place.

These marvellous machines estructured the social, physical, and economic foundations of many Nations. Cities began to organize around newly constructed stations that became icons in themselves, like some sort of sanctuaries representing the pleasures of travel.

In this video we will explain the working principle of electric train through the travel made by the JAES CEO, who will leave the city of Mumbai to reach New Delhi.

With over 200 years of innovation and improvement, train industry managed to grow from its simple Steam Trains, through Diesel Trains, Electric Trains, up to modern High-Speed Trains and Maglev Trains.

The first indian electric train made, was introduced on February 3th in 1925, right at the Mumbai station.
Indian Railways is the fourth largest railway network in the world by size. With a route length of 41,861 miles it carries over 23 million passengers everyday.

The JAES CEO is at the central station of Mumbai. The Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus is one of the most iconic terminal train station and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here, the CEO gets on a train with electric locomotive.

Electric trains unlike steam trains or diesel trains do not carry fuel or water on board, but instead they use electrical power as one of the most reliable sources of propulsion. A catenary system infact, is used to transmit electricity to the train. This electricity is produced hundreds of miles away from the railway and it is carried to the overhead line thanks to tranformers.
You can watch the video about the working principle of transformers by clicking the link at the top right corner of this video.

The electricity flowing through the overhead line is an Alternating Current and it usually has a voltage of 25 kilovolts.

When the train is ready to go, the pantographs, which are placed on the roof of the locomotive, are pushed up with the help of air pressure. The head is the only part of the pantograph to touch the wire pick-up. The current is collected via metalized carbon strips on the head, plus, the zigzag configuration of the overhead contact wire ensures a symmetrical wear of the head surface.

The voltage collected from the overhead wire passing through the transformer completes the circuit on the rails, using brushes on the axis of the wheels.

Transformers and rectifiers inside the locomotive are used to mofified the parameters of the electrical power taken from the overhead line, so that the on-board inverters can generate a three-phase alternating current in order to transfer the power to the wheels and obtain the right traction power to move the train.

Furthermore the auxiliary inverters supply the necessary current to power the on-board equipment and instruments like:
- Cooling fans, necessary for lower the temperature of transformers and motors,
- Accumulators which need to be constantly charged in order to sustained the start-up phase and power the basic electronic system even in the absence of a power supply.
- Compressors, which are very important devices, useful to provide compressed air.