Anatomy of the Duodenum : Parts, Relations, Neurovascular supply, Venous and lymphatic drainage

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ANATOMY OF THE DUODENUM

Parts of the Duodenum
• First Part (Superior) · Located at the level of L1 vertebra.
• Second Part (Descending) · Extends to L3 vertebra.
• Third Part (Horizontal) · Crosses the midline at L3 vertebra.
• Fourth Part (Ascending) · Ascends to L2 vertebra.

Relations
• First Part (Superior) · Anterior: liver and gallbladder. · Posterior: common bile duct, portal vein, and gastroduodenal artery.
• Second Part (Descending) · Anterior: transverse colon and mesocolon. · Posterior: right kidney and renal vessels.
• Third Part (Horizontal) · Anterior: superior mesenteric vessels. · Posterior: aorta, inferior vena cava, right psoas muscle.
• Fourth Part (Ascending) · Anterior: left colic flexure. · Posterior: left psoas muscle.

Neurovascular Supply
• Arterial Supply · Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from gastroduodenal artery). · Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from superior mesenteric artery).
• Venous Drainage · Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins. · Drain into the portal vein.
• Nervous Supply · Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve. · Sympathetic: T12-L2 spinal segments.

Venous and Lymphatic Drainage
• Venous Drainage · Drains via the corresponding veins into the portal venous system.
• Lymphatic Drainage · Drains to the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes. · Then to the superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

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