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The Early Life of Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was born in 1599 in a town called Huntingdon in England. He grew up in a family that was not very rich but had some important ancestors. As a young man, he studied at Cambridge University and later became a farmer. He was a very religious person who belonged to a group called the Puritans. These experiences shaped his beliefs before he decided to enter the world of politics.
Member of the English Parliament
In 1628, Oliver Cromwell was elected to represent his home area in the English Parliament. He did not agree with how King Charles I was running the country at that time. Cromwell believed that the King was taking too much power away from the people and the law. He spoke loudly against the taxes that the King wanted to collect without permission. This period marked the beginning of his long struggle against the traditional rule of the monarchy.
The Start of the Civil War
The tension between King Charles I and Parliament eventually led to a violent conflict called the English Civil War. Cromwell had no professional military training, but he decided to join the side of the Parliament. He recruited a small troop of cavalry soldiers to fight against the royal forces. Because he was very organized and brave, his influence in the army grew very quickly. He believed that God was on his side and would help him win the battles.
The New Model Army
Cromwell helped create a professional fighting force known as the New Model Army. This army was different because soldiers were promoted based on their skills rather than their social status. The troops were highly disciplined and followed strict rules during their military campaigns. This new way of organizing soldiers made them much stronger than the King's traditional army. Cromwell's leadership in this army was a major reason why the Parliament eventually won the war.
The Trial and Death of the King
After the war ended, the Parliament held a famous trial to judge King Charles I for his actions. Cromwell was one of the most important people who signed the document ordering the King's death. In 1649, the King was executed in front of a large crowd in London. This was a shocking event because it was the first time a king had been legally put to death by his own people. England then became a republic, which meant it no longer had a king or queen.
Military Campaigns in Ireland and Scotland
After the King died, Cromwell led his army into Ireland and Scotland to secure control over those regions. These battles were very harsh and resulted in many people losing their lives or their land. Cromwell wanted to make sure that no one could rise up to bring the monarchy back to power. Many people in Ireland still remember this time as a very difficult part of their history. His victories in these lands made him the most powerful man in the entire country.