PNST/ANM PHYSICS LEC.01 वैघुत आवेश तथा क्षेत्र

SARTHAK ACADEMY BALAGHAT
Electric Charge:

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes objects to attract or repel each other. There are two types of electric charges:

1. Positive charge: Carried by protons and positively charged ions.
2. Negative charge: Carried by electrons and negatively charged ions.

Electric charges have the following properties:

1. Quantization: Charge comes in discrete packets (quanta).
2. Conservation: Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
3. Superposition: Charges add up vectorially.

Electric Field:

An electric field is a region around a charged particle or object where the force of the charge can be detected. It is a vector field that surrounds charged particles and exerts a force on other charged particles.

Key aspects of electric fields:

1. Direction: Electric field lines emerge from positive charges and enter negative charges.
2. Magnitude: Electric field strength depends on the charge and distance.
3. Field lines: Electric field lines never intersect and are continuous.

Electric Field Lines:

1. Radial: Field lines emerge from a point charge.
2. Uniform: Field lines are parallel and equally spaced in a uniform electric field.
3. Non-uniform: Field lines converge or diverge in a non-uniform electric field.

Electric Field Units:

1. Newtons per coulomb (N/C)
2. Volts per meter (V/m)

Electric field calculations involve:

1. Coulomb's Law
2. Electric field equations (e.g., E = k * q / r^2

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