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The magnetic amplifier (colloquially known as a "mag amp") is an electromagnetic device for amplifying electrical signals. The magnetic amplifier was invented early in the 20th century, and was used as an alternative to vacuum tube amplifiers where robustness and high current capacity were required.

Types of Magnetic Amplifier circuits

There are two commonly used configurations namely the: Half wave magnetic amplifier: utilizes one half cycle of the AC supply. Full wave Magnetic amplifier: utilizes both half waves of the ac supply.

Why two cores and two AC windings are used in magnetic amplifier?
By using small DC current fed to control winding the large amount of AC currents on AC windings can be controlled and it results in current amplification. Two cores are connected in opposite phase for canceling the high flux generated AC current in control windings.

What is the purpose of magnetic core?
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The magnetic core is a specific design of magnetic material in a particular shape that possesses high magnetic permeability. It is employed to confine and guide the magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical, and magnetic devices.

Magnetic Amplifier
Sometimes abbreviated “Mag Amp,” a saturating inductor which is placed in series with a power supply output for regulation purposes.

A magnetic amplifier is an electromagnetic device that amplifies electrical signals utilizing a transformer’s core saturation principle, and the core non linear property. It consists of an iron core with two or more coils wound around it. Current control is achieved by varying the magnetic flux in the cores using the appropriate DC current through the control winding.

The static device has no moving parts, no wear mechanism and has good mechanical and vibration tolerance. In addition it requires no warm up time and can withstand momentary overloads better than the solid state devices. They are used in power supplies, in measurement systems, in nuclear power applications amongst other uses.

The amplifier uses the inductive element as a controlled switch. The coil is wound on a core having square B-H characteristics which gives the core two modes of operation. When the core is unsaturated, it causes the coil acts as high impedance that supports a large voltage with little or no current. When saturated, the coil impedance drops to almost zero and allows current to flow with very little voltage drop. The two modes thus enable the magnetic amplifier to act as an ideal switch with several benefits as compared to the switching regulators.

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