Welcome to Shah Knowledge Bank! In this session, we will cover Environmental Pollution, its causes and effects, and important concepts like Ozone Layer Depletion and the Greenhouse Effect—crucial topics for competitive exams like JKPSC, JKSSB, and others.
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1. Environmental Pollution
• Definition: The introduction of harmful substances into the environment, causing adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems.
• Types of Pollution:
• Air Pollution: Emissions from vehicles, industries, and deforestation lead to problems like smog and respiratory diseases.
• Water Pollution: Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage contaminating water bodies.
• Soil Pollution: Excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers, and improper disposal of waste.
• Noise Pollution: Loud noises from transportation, industries, and urbanization.
• Effects: Impacts health, biodiversity, and natural resources.
2. Ozone Layer and Its Depletion
• Ozone Layer: A protective layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV radiation from the sun.
• Depletion Causes:
• Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants, aerosols, and solvents.
• Release of halons and nitrous oxides.
• Effects of Ozone Depletion:
• Increased UV exposure leading to skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression.
• Harm to crops, marine life, and ecosystems.
• International Efforts:
• Montreal Protocol (1987): A global agreement to phase out ozone-depleting substances.
3. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
• Greenhouse Effect: The trapping of heat in the Earth’s atmosphere by gases like CO2, methane, and water vapor, which keeps the planet warm.
• Global Warming: Excessive trapping of heat due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a rise in Earth’s temperature.
• Causes:
• Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.
• Effects:
• Melting glaciers, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity.
• Solutions:
• Transition to renewable energy, afforestation, and energy-efficient technologies.
Why is This Important for Exams?
• These topics are frequently asked in General Science sections for JKPSC, JKSSB, and other competitive exams. Questions may focus on definitions, causes, effects, and international measures.
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