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গাইবান্ধা জেলা | নামকরণ ইতিহাস | Gaibandha District | yes bangla

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24 Aug
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গাইবান্ধা নামকরণ সম্পর্কে কিংবদন্তী প্রচলিত আছ, প্রায় পাচ হাজার বছর আগে মৎস্য দেশের রাজা বিরাটের রাজধানী ছিল গাইবান্ধার গোবিন্দগজ থানা এলাকায়। বিরাট রাজার গো-ধনের কোন তুলনা ছিল না। তার গাভীর সংখ্যা ছিল ষাট হাজার। মাঝে মাঝে ডাকাতরা এসে বিরাট রাজার গাভী লুণ্ঠন করে নিয়ে যেতো। সে জন্য বিরাট রাজা একটি বিশাল পতিত প্রান্তরে গো-শালা স্থাপন করেন। গো-শালাটি সুরক্ষিত এবং গাভীর খাদ্য ও পানির সংস্থান নিশ্চিত করতে। নদী তীরবর্তী ঘেসো জমিতে স্থাপন করা হয়। সেই নির্দিষ্ট স্থানে গাভীগুলোকে বেঁধে রাখা হতো। প্রচলিত কিংবদন্তী অনুসারে এই গাভী বেঁধে রাখার স্থান থেকে এতদঞ্চলের কথ্য ভাষা অনুসারে এলাকার নাম হয়েছে গাইবাঁধা এবং কালক্রমে তা গাইবান্ধা নামে পরিচিতি লাভ করে।
Gaibandha District (rangpur division) area 2179.27 sq km, located in between 25°02' and 25°39' north latitudes and in between 89°11' and 89°46' east longitudes. It is bounded by kurigram and rangpur districts on the north, bogra district on the south, jamalpur and Kurigram districts and brahmaputra river on the east, joypurhat, dinajpur and Rangpur districts on the west.

Population Total 2138181; male 1085097, female 1053084; Muslim 1977778, Hindu 153614, Buddhist 2209, Christian 304 and others 4276. Indigenous communities such as santal and oraon belong to this upazila.

Water bodies Main rivers: Brahmaputra, jamuna, tista, karatoya, bangali, ghaghat.

Administration The former name of Gaibandha was Bhabaniganj. Bhabaniganj Sub Division was established on 27 August 1858. The head quarters of the Sub Division was transferred to Gaibandha in 1875 when Bhabaniganj was submerged into river bed due to erosion. Once this region was included in the Baharbandh Pargana. Gaibandha Town was turned into a municipality in 1923. The municipality was abolished in 1960 and it was turned into a Town Committee. In 1973, the Town was again turned into a Paurasabha. Gaibandha district was formed in 1984. Of the seven upazilas of the district gobindaganj is the largest (481.66 sq km, it occupies 22.10% of the total area of the district) and palashbari is the smallest upazila (190.67 sq km).
Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 35.7%; male 40.9%, female 30.5%. Educational institutions: law college 1, homeopath college 1, BPED college 1, BEd college 1, college 104, technical educational institution 1, primary teachers training institute (PTI) 1, agricultural training institute 1, veterinary training institute 1, youth development training institute 1, secondary school 341, primary school 1317, community school 90, madrasa 582. Noted educational institutions: Gaibandha Government Boys' High School (1885), Jumarbari High School (1903), Saghatta Pilot High School (1904), Gobindaganj Multilateral High School (1912), Gaibandha Islamia High School (1914), Haripur BSM Government Girls' School (1914), Khod Kumurpur High School (1915), Shibram Adarsha Government Primary' School (1916), Gaibandha Government Girls' High School (1916), Bamandanga MN High School (1917), Tulshighat Kashinath High School (1917), Basudevpur Chandra Kishore School and College (1917), Pearapur High School (1917), Belka MC High School (1918), Sadullapur Multilateral Pilot High School (1918), Palashbari S.M Pilot High School (1919), Kamdia Bilateral High School (1921), Chapadaha B.L High School (1919), Kazi Azhar Ali High School (1920), Raushanbag High School (1926), Katgara Bilateral High School (1927), Bharatkhali High School (1929).

Main sources of income Agriculture 65.08%, non-agricultural labourer 2.48%, industry 0.77%, commerce 11.85%, transport and communication 4.22%, service 5.37%, construction 1.19%, religious service 0.19%, rent and remittance 0.22% and others 8.63%.

Newspapers and periodicals Daily: Ghaghat (1991), Sandhan (1992), Palash (1999), Janasanket (1993), Bhorer Surya (1998), weekly: Ganaprahari (1981), Gaibandha (1982), Palash (1984), Gayer Katha (1991), Panthashala (1991), Ganauttaran (1992), Katakhali (2001), Anar (2002); defunct: Weekly Kanthashwar (1973), Weekly Ganadut (1972), Weekly Agradut (1928), Fortnightly Purbadiganta (1961), Monthly Tista (1963).

Folkculture Palli Geeti, Bhawaya, Jarigan, Sarigan, Chharagan and various folk songs on the occasion of marriage ceremony are notable. Besides, the indigenous communities display various songs and dances on the occasions of marriage ceremony, child birth, mourning, etc.

Tourist spots Vardhan Kuthi in Gobindaganj upazila (17th century), house of Naldanga Zamindar, house of Bamandanga Zamindar (1259), Kashtha Kali Mandir at Bharatkhali, Palace of Raja Birat in Gobindaganj (743-800 AD),' Mirer Bagan Shah Sultan Gazi Mosque at Gaibandha Sadar (1308).

References Bangladesh Population Census 2001, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Gaibandha District 2007; Cultural survey report of different upazilas of Gaibandha District 2007.

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