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Black redstart
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The black redstart is a small passerine bird in the genus Phoenicurus. Other common names are Tithy's redstart, blackstart and black redtail. It is similar to the common redstart. The adult male is overall dark grey to black on the upperparts and with a black breast; the lower rump and tail are orange-red, with the two central tail feathers dark red-brown. The belly and undertail are either blackish-grey or orange-red; the wings are blackish-grey with pale fringes on the secondaries forming a whitish panel or all blackish. The female is grey to grey-brown overall except for the orange-red lower rump and tail, greyer than the common redstart; at any age the grey axillaries and underwing coverts are also distinctive. One-year-old males are similar to females but blacker; the whitish wing panel of the western subspecies does not develop until the second year. It is a widespread breeder in south and central Europe and Asia and north-west Africa, from Great Britain and Ireland south to Morocco, east to central China. It is resident in the milder parts of its range, but north-eastern birds migrate to winter in southern and western Europe and Asia, and north Africa. It nests in crevices or holes in buildings. The species originally inhabited stony ground in mountains, particularly cliffs, but since about 1900 has expanded to include similar urban habitats including bombed areas during and after World War 2, and large industrial complexes that have the bare areas and cliff-like buildings it favours; in Great Britain, most of the small breeding population nests in such industrial areas. It will catch passing insects in flight, and migrants often hunt in coastal tide-wrack for flies or tiny crustaceans. Its quick ducks of head and body are robin-like, and its tail is often flicked. The male has a rattling song and a tick call.