AMYLOIDOSIS: PART 2: Pathogenesis & Classification

The Part 2 of 3 parts tutorial on Amyloidosis.In this part i have described the Pathogenesis and Classification of Amyloidosis.Visit http://ilovepathology.com/ for more topics in Pathology!
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AMYLOIDOSIS 2

PATHOGENESIS: Basic Mechanism
Abnormal folding of proteins/ Misfolded proteins

Mechanism of damage to the tissues
Pressure effect: leading to atrophy
Accumulation in vessel wall : Leading to ischemia and also increased permeability
Direct cytotoxicity: eg, Amyloidogenic light chain accumulation n cardiac cells
Prefibrillar oligomers: are found be more injurious than actual fibrils. In Alzheimer's and ATTR Amyloidosis

Localised amyloidosis
Limited to a single tissue or organ
Can be only microscopic foci or may be evident grossly as nodular masses
The common sites: lung, larynx, skin, bladder, tongue etc.
Microscopic findings: Lymphocytes and plasma cells can be seen in the periphery of amyloid deposits.
Some cases , the amyloid consists of AL protein