Скачать или смотреть #6 Database Replication | System Design Fundamentals

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*Database Replication:*

Database replication involves creating and maintaining multiple copies (replicas) of the same database on different servers. The primary purpose of database replication is to improve data availability, fault tolerance, and sometimes read scalability. Here's how it works and why it's used:

1. *Replica Types:*
*Master-Slave Replication:* In this setup, there is one primary database (master) that handles both read and write operations, and one or more secondary databases (slaves) that replicate data from the master. Slaves are typically used for read-only operations, offloading read traffic from the master.

*Master-Master Replication:* In a master-master setup, multiple databases act as both master and slave, allowing for read and write operations on any of them. This setup provides better write scalability but can be more complex to manage.

2. *Data Synchronization:* Replicas are kept in sync with the master database through replication processes. Changes made on the master are propagated to the replicas, ensuring data consistency.

3. *High Availability:* Database replication provides fault tolerance. If the master database fails, one of the replicas can be promoted to serve as the new master, minimizing downtime.

4. *Load Balancing:* In read-heavy applications, replicas can be used to distribute read traffic across multiple servers, improving read performance.