Extraction, Isolation, Purification & Identification of Phytochemical | Phytochemical Test | ENGLISH

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Extraction, Isolation, Purification & Identification of Phytochemicals | समझिए हिंदी में    • Extraction, Isolation, Purification &...  
1. Basics of Phytochemistry (Part 11)= Isolation, Purification & Identifcation of Crude Drug (Part 01)    • Isolation Method , Purification & Ide...  
2. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea (In Hindi)    • Extraction and Isolation of Caffeine ...  
3. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) = Identification of Caffeine by TLC (HINDI) by Solution Pharmacy    • Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Ide...  

Isolation, purification, and identification are the three areas in phytochemical research that impose great difficulty for the researchers. This is because plants are known to contain an enormous amount of primary and secondary metabolites: From these enormous compounds, isolating and identifying a chemical entity that is therapeutically active is obviously a very difficult job. But with the newer advancement in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the isolation and identification of phytoconstituents have become a somewhat rapid, reproducible, and easy task nowadays. The isolation and purification of components present in the extracts is a difficult task. It mostly depends upon the physical and chemical characteristics of the compound to be separated and also upon the proportion of that component in the extract. The physical methods used for purification are chromatographic techniques and methods such as fractional crystallization, fractional distillation, fractional liberation, and sublimation. On the basis of the chemical properties of the functional groups and moieties contained in compounds such as aldehydes, phenols, alcohols, acids and alkaloids, chemical derivatization techniques may be adopted to convert the component into the form of derivative. Such derivatives being of different physical and chemical natures can be subsequently isolated from the mixture and then recovered to their original component with a suitable reaction.
ISOLATION PROCEDURE
Caffeine is a member of the class of compounds organic chemists call alkaloids. Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing basic compounds that are found in plants. They usually taste bitter and often are physiologically active in humans. Caffeine is a CNS stimulant drug, which is generally found in tea leaves when people drink tea a small amount of caffeine is taken by them, this is the reason people may get addicted to tea. In this experimental video, we have tried to isolate or separate the caffeine from marketed tea leaves. the process of caffeine extraction or caffeine separation is based on a simple principle, that is the solubility of caffeine in organic solvents like chloroform, dichloromethane, etc, and insolubility in water. Caffeine acts as a stimulant. It stimulates the heart, respiration, and the central nervous system, and is a diuretic. Its use can cause nervousness, insomnia, and headaches. It is physically addictive.

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminum oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase.

TLC plates, preferably ready made with a stationary phase: These are stable and chemically inert plates, where a thin layer of stationary phase is applied on its whole surface layer. The stationary phase on the plates is of uniform thickness and is in a fine particle size. In the process of identification, we have spotted an isolated caffeine sample and compare that with the standard caffeine sample. and calculated its Rf Value.

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