Скачать или смотреть महासागरीय जलधारा |OCEONIC CURRENT | BY - Sonam Mam

महासागरीय जलधारा |OCEONIC CURRENT | BY - Sonam Mam #thelearningplace #bysonammam #upsc #geography

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*Oceanic Currents*
Oceanic currents are continuous, directed movements of seawater generated by various factors such as wind, Earth's rotation, differences in water temperature, and salinity. These currents play a key role in regulating climate, distributing nutrients, and supporting marine life.

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*Types of Ocean Currents*

1. *Surface Currents*

Flow in the upper layer of the ocean (up to \~400 m depth).
Driven mainly by *wind systems* and the **Coriolis effect**.
Example: Gulf Stream (North Atlantic), Kuroshio Current (Pacific).

2. *Deep Water Currents* (Thermohaline Circulation)

Caused by differences in water density due to *temperature (thermo)* and **salinity .
Slow-moving and form part of the global "Conveyor Belt" circulation.

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*Major Factors Affecting Ocean Currents*

Wind** – Especially trade winds and westerlies.
Coriolis Effect** – Deflects moving water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Temperature Differences** – Warm water is lighter and rises; cold water sinks.
Salinity Differences** – Saltier water is denser and sinks.
Gravity** – Helps pull water downslope from high to low areas.
Coastline Shape** – Influences direction and speed of currents.



Major Ocean Currents of the World**

Warm Currents** (flow from equator towards poles):

Gulf Stream
Kuroshio Current
Agulhas Current
Brazil Current

*Cold Currents* (flow from poles towards equator):

Labrador Current
Humboldt (Peru) Current
Benguela Current
California Current



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