Скачать или смотреть ⚡ Difference Between Anti-Static, Dissipative, Conductive, and Insulative

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#防静电耗散导电和绝缘有什么区别
#防靜電耗散導電和絕緣有什麼區別
What is the Difference Between Anti-Static, Dissipative, Conductive, and Insulative?
防静电、耗散、导电和绝缘有什么区别?
防靜電、耗散、導電和絕緣有什麼區別?
Static Electricity / 静电 / 靜電
As the name implies, static electricity is electricity at rest. The electrical charge is the transference of electrons that occurs when there is sliding, rubbing, or separating of a material, which is a generator of electrostatic voltages. For example: plastics, fiber glass, rubber, textiles, ect. Under the right conditions, this induced charge can reach 30,000 to 40,000 volts.

When this happens to an insulating material, like plastic, the charge tends to remain in the localized area of contact. This electrostatic voltage may then discharge via an arc or spark when the plastic material comes in contact with a body at a sufficiently different potential, such as a person or microcircuit.

If Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) occurs to a person, the results may range anywhere from a mild to a painful shock. Extreme cases of ESD, or Arc Flash, can even result in loss of life. These types of sparks are especially dangerous in environments that may contain flammable liquids, solids or gasses, such as a hospital operating room or explosive device assembly.

Some micro-electronic parts can be destroyed or damaged by ESD as low as 20 volts. Since people are prime causes of ESD, they often cause damage to sensitive electronic parts, especially during manufacturing and assembly. The consequences of discharge through an electrical component sensitive to ESD can range from erroneous readings to permanent damage resulting in excessive equipment downtime and costly repair or total part replacement.


顾名思义，静电就是静止的电力。电荷是材料在滑动、摩擦或分离时发生的电子转移，是静电电压的产生器。例如：塑胶、玻璃纤维、橡胶、纺织品等。在适当的条件下，这种感应电荷可以达到 30,000 到 40,000 伏特。

当这种情况发生在塑胶等绝缘材料上时，电荷往往会留在局部接触区域。当塑胶材料与具有足够不同电位的物体（例如人或微电路）接触时，此静电电压可能会透过电弧或火花放电。

如果人体发生静电放电 (ESD)，其后果可能是轻微的电击，甚至是痛苦的电击。极端的 ESD 或电弧闪光情况甚至可能导致生命损失。这些类型的火花在可能含有易燃液体、固体或气体的环境中尤其危险，例如医院手术室或爆炸装置组件。

一些微电子零件可能会因低至 20 伏特的 ESD 而遭到破坏或损坏。由于人为因素是造成 ESD 的主要原因，因此人为因素经常会对敏感电子零件造成损坏，尤其是在制造和组装过程中。透过对 ESD 敏感的电气元件放电的后果包括错误读数甚至永久性损坏，从而导致过多的设备停机时间和昂贵的维修或全部零件更换。

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) / 静电放电 / 靜電放電
The sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. A buildup of static electricity can be caused by tribocharging or by electrostatic induction.

由于接触、短路或介电击穿而导致两个带电物体之间突然出现电流。静电的积聚可能是由于摩擦起电或静电感应所引起的

Anti-Static / 防静电 / 防靜電
Preventing the buildup of static electricity. Reducing static electric charges, as on textiles, waxes, polishes, etc., by retaining enough moisture to provide electrical conduction.

防止静电积聚。透过保留足够的水分来提供电传导，减少纺织品、蜡、抛光剂等上的静电荷。

Dissipative / 耗散 / 耗散
The charges flow to ground more slowly and in a somewhat more controlled manner than with conductive materials. Dissipative materials have a surface resistivity equal to or greater than 1 x 105 Ω/sq but less than 1 x 1012 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity equal to or greater than 1 x 104 Ω-cm but less than 1 x 1011 Ω-cm.

与导电材料相比，电荷流向地面的速度较慢，而且方式也较受控制。耗散材料的表面电阻率等于或大于 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 但小于 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq，或体积电阻率等于或大于 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm 但小于 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm。

Conductive / 导电 / 導電
With a low electrical resistance, electrons flow easily across the surface or through the bulk of these materials. Charges go to ground or to another conductive object that the material contacts or comes close to. Conductive materials have a surface resistivity less than 1 x 105 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity less than 1 x 104 Ω-cm.

由于电阻较低，电子很容易流过这些材料的表面或内部。电荷流向地面或材料接触或接近的另一个导电物体。导电材料的表面电阻率小于 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 或体积电阻率小于 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm。

Insulative / 绝缘 / 絕緣
Insulative materials prevent or limit the flow of electrons across their surface or through their volume. Insulative materials have a high electrical resistance and are difficult to ground. Static charges remain in place on these materials for a very long time. Insulative materials are defined as those having a surface resistivity of at least 1 x 1012 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity of at least 1 x 1011 Ω-cm.

绝缘材料可阻止或限制电子流过其表面或体积。绝缘材料电阻较高，难以接地。静电荷在这些材料上会停留很久。绝缘材料定义为表面电阻率至少为 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq 或体积电阻率至少为 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm 的材料。

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