GUINEA-BISSAU | How Did It Become a Narco-State?

On 1 February 2022, an attempted military coup took place is the small and impoverished African country of Guinea-Bissau. Coming soon after a number of other military uprisings elsewhere in West Africa, many assumed that this was part of the wider wave of army takeovers. But things are rather different in Guinea-Bissau. Not only does the country have a long history of political instability and military coups, it has also emerged as Africa's first and seemingly most enduring narco-state. So, what lay behind this latest rebellion?

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Narco-states are territories where parts of the state apparatus - whether local or national government, the judiciary, policy, or even military - are directed towards the cultivation and distribution of illicit drugs. One of the best examples of modern times has been Colombia. But Guinea-Bissau is in many ways the most pure form of narco-state in the modern international system. Starting in the early 2000s, it was completely overrun by drug trafficking, to the point that the country's military leadership of the country was accused by the United States of being directly engaged in drug smuggling. And while the current president, Umaro Sissoco Embaló, has pledged to crack down on the drugs trade, many observers are sceptical of his success. It was against this backdrop that the latest coup attempt occurred, a coup that many suspect was not quite as it seems.

CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:46 Narco-States in International Relations
1:48 Guinea-Bissau: Geography and Demographics
2:45 A Brief History of Guinea-Bissau
4:17 Guinea-Bissau: Independence and Instability
6:16 Guinea-Bissau: The Narco-State
7:56 The 2022 Attempted Coup in Guinea-Bissau
9:47 Guinea-Bissau: Africa's Enduring Narco-State

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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES

UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau https://uniogbis.unmissions.org/en
US State Department Guinea-Bissau https://www.state.gov/countries-areas...
Cocaine Politics in Guinea Bissau https://globalinitiative.net/wp-conte...
Guinea-Bissau: Micro-State to 'Narco-State' https://amzn.to/37hBmXT
Guinea-Bissau: From Liberation Struggle to Independent Statehood https://amzn.to/37hBBSN

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KEYWORDS

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