Скачать или смотреть 14. Special Products from Amino Acids | Glutathione, Acetylcholine & Biogenic Amines | Biochemistry

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Special Products from Amino Acids | Glutathione, Acetylcholine & Biogenic Amines | Medical Biochemistry | USMLE Step 1 MBBS

👋 Hey future doctors and biochem learners! Amino acids are far more than just protein building blocks — they give rise to special products essential for redox balance, neurotransmission, and cellular signaling. In this lecture, we’ll explore three very important ones: Glutathione, Acetylcholine, and Biogenic Amines. 🌟

These derivatives integrate biochemistry with physiology and pathology, making them high-yield for MBBS, NEET PG, FMGE, and USMLE Step 1 exams. 🧬📚

🌟 Key Special Products of Amino Acids

1️⃣ Glutathione (GSH) 🛡️

Composition: Tripeptide of Glutamate, Cysteine, and Glycine.

Functions:
• Major intracellular antioxidant (neutralizes free radicals, protects RBCs from oxidative stress).
• Cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (selenium-dependent).
• Detoxification of drugs in the liver.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency – due to inability to regenerate reduced glutathione.
• Impaired antioxidant defense in chronic diseases.

2️⃣ Acetylcholine (ACh) ⚡

Derived from: Acetyl-CoA + Choline (obtained partly from serine metabolism).

Functions:
• Primary neurotransmitter of neuromuscular junctions.
• Major parasympathetic neurotransmitter → regulates heart rate, smooth muscle, and glandular secretion.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Myasthenia gravis: antibodies against ACh receptors.
• Organophosphates & Nerve gases: inhibit acetylcholinesterase → ↑ ACh.
• Alzheimer’s disease: reduced central cholinergic activity.

3️⃣ Biogenic Amines 🧠

Derived by decarboxylation of amino acids.

Major examples:
• Histamine (from histidine) → allergy, gastric secretion.
• Serotonin (5-HT) (from tryptophan) → mood, sleep, gut motility.
• Catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) (from tyrosine) → stress response.
• Tyramine (from tyrosine) → indirect sympathomimetic.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Carcinoid syndrome → excess serotonin.
• MAOI + Tyramine (cheese reaction) → hypertensive crisis.
• Parkinson’s disease → dopamine deficiency.

🎯 Exam Integration

Glutathione = antioxidant defense.

Acetylcholine = cholinergic neurotransmission.

Biogenic amines = neurotransmitters & mediators with diverse physiological roles.
👉 These are favorite topics in USMLE Step 1, NEET PG & FMGE because they connect basic science → clinical disorders → drug therapy.

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❓Got requests for more amino acid derivatives (e.g., Porphyrins, Heme, NO)? Drop them in the comments — we’d love to cover them in upcoming lectures! 😊

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