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WHAT CAUSES SYNOVITIS?


Synovitis means inflammation of the synovial membrane, the tissue that lines the knee joint and produces lubricating fluid. It can lead to pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness.

Below are the most common causes of synovitis in the knee:

Osteoarthritis (OA): Most common chronic cause. Synovial inflammation can occur even in early OA and accelerates cartilage breakdown.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Autoimmune disease targeting synovial tissue. Causes chronic, destructive synovitis with pannus formation.

Post-Traumatic Synovitis: Caused by injury (e.g., meniscus tear, ligament sprain). Inflammatory response to joint damage or bleeding.

Overuse / Repetitive Motion: Common in athletes and active individuals. Microtrauma leads to chronic low-grade synovial inflammation.

Crystal Arthropathies (e.g., Gout, Pseudogout): Crystals like uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate irritate the synovium.

Infectious (Septic) Arthritis: Bacterial infection in the joint causes acute synovitis. Medical emergency.

Post-Surgical or Post-Injection: Immune or mechanical response to prior procedures or intra-articular injections.

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) / Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT): Rare, benign proliferative disease of the synovium. Causes recurrent effusions and pain.

Hemophilia or Bleeding Disorders: Repeated hemarthrosis leads to chronic synovitis and joint damage.

If your knee stays swollen or painful, it’s worth investigating the root cause — not just treating the symptoms.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.