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Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. It typically occurs in women in their late 40s to early 50s, although the age range can vary. Menopause is officially diagnosed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months.

During menopause, a woman's ovaries gradually reduce the production of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting fertility. This hormonal decline leads to various physical and emotional changes. The transition into menopause is often characterized by three stages:

1. *Perimenopause:* This is the period leading up to menopause when hormonal fluctuations begin. It can start several years before menopause and is marked by irregular menstrual cycles, changes in menstrual flow, and symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and sleep disturbances.

2. *Menopause:* Menopause is officially reached when a woman has gone without a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. At this point, the ovaries have largely stopped releasing eggs, and estrogen levels have significantly decreased.

3. *Postmenopause:* The years following menopause are considered postmenopause. Symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings may persist but often diminish over time. Some health risks, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, become more relevant postmenopause, emphasizing the importance of maintaining overall health and well-being.

Common symptoms of menopause include:

*Hot flashes:* Sudden feelings of warmth, often accompanied by sweating and a reddened face.
*Night sweats:* Hot flashes that occur during sleep, leading to intense sweating.
*Mood swings:* Fluctuations in mood, including irritability, anxiety, and sadness.
*Sleep disturbances:* Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
*Vaginal dryness:* Reduced lubrication in the vagina, which can lead to discomfort during intercourse.
*Changes in libido:* Some women may experience a decrease in sexual desire.

It's important to note that the experience of menopause can vary widely among women. While some may go through it with minimal discomfort, others may find it more challenging. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and lifestyle changes are options that some women explore to manage symptoms and support overall health during and after menopause. As with any significant life transition, consulting with healthcare professionals can provide personalized guidance and support.
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