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Light-Activated Bidirectional Motor Control Circuit

This circuit is designed to control a DC motor based on light intensity using LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors) and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It is commonly used in solar tracking systems, where the motor adjusts the position of a solar panel to maximize sunlight exposure.



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Components & Working Principle:

1. Power Supply:

A 3.7V battery powers the circuit.



2. LDR-Based Light Detection:

Two LDRs (LDR1 and LDR2) sense light intensity and are paired with 10kΩ resistors (R1 and R2) to form a voltage divider.

The voltage across these dividers controls the transistors, determining the motor's direction.





3. Transistor Control System:

BC547 (NPN) and BC557 (PNP) transistors are used in an H-bridge-like configuration to drive the motor in both directions.

When LDR1 gets more light than LDR2, one transistor pair turns on, rotating the motor in one direction.

When LDR2 receives more light, the other transistor pair activates, reversing the motor's direction.

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