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Welcome to this video, where we will delve into the intricacies of industrial production processes, true pillars of the contemporary economy. These processes do not just lay the foundations and shape our material world; they also shape the economy, society, and environment, thus forging the future of our planet.

Industrial production processes play a key role in heavy industry through intricate chemical, physical, electrical and mechanical steps that form the structure of the production process.
Their primary application focuses on large-scale production projects, with the main goal of maximizing efficiency and productivity to achieve high-quality results at a contained cost.

In the vast panorama of industrial production processes, regulation varies considerably from one state to another, reflecting the diversity and complexity of industrial activities. Therefore, there is no universal guideline, however, it is possible to classify production processes into main categories.

Among the fundamental industrial processes, we can include those of metalworking, to which CASTING belongs. Casting is a production process in which molten metal is made to flow / flows into a mold, where it cools and solidifies taking the desired shape. This very versatile process, differs in various techniques such as sand casting, where the mold is composed of a special earth, called casting sand. After casting the molten metal and its subsequent solidification, the mold is destroyed to extract the piece.

The objects produced through casting processes have different characteristics, such as complex shapes, variable sizes; but above all the casting process can be performed on any metal that can be transformed into a liquid state, which makes it a very flexible process with various mechanical properties. Products made thanks to these techniques range from industrial pumps to ball bearings.

FORMING.
The Forming process is a set of techniques usually used to shape metals through mechanical deformation. One of the main categories of forming is rolling: In this process, the material passes through a pair of rollers, which reduce it in thickness and shape it in the desired shape.
Die forming instead: involves the use of a press, a machine that imprints the material on a mold, creating an object that reproduces the shape of the mold. These processes produce robust objects that improve the mechanical properties of the material, such as strength and hardness. Products made thanks to these techniques range from sheet metal subsequently used to create components for the industry, to also include the manufacturing processes of more complex objects, like vehicle parts.

MOLDING.
MOLDING, unlike FORMING, are production processes used mainly for the production of components in polymeric material, i.e., plastic. For example, with the compression molding process, the preheated material, generally a thermosetting plastic, is inserted into the cavity of a mold. Subsequently, the mold is closed and pressure is applied to force the material to conform to the shape of the mold. Plastic is everywhere, this versatile material, shaped through the production processes of molding, creates the most disparate objects, from airplane components to seals.

HEAT TREATMENT.
HEAT TREATMENT is a set of industrial processes that alter the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of materials, mainly steels and metal alloys. These processes take place in a furnace, where the metal parts are heated and kept at high temperatures for a specific period, in a controlled gaseous atmosphere.
Quenching, a subcategory of heat treatment, involves heating the material to high temperatures and then cooling it rapidly, often by immersing it in a cooling liquid such as water or oil. This rapid cooling is essential to block the transformation of the metal’s crystalline structure, obtaining a harder and more resistant structure. For this reason, it is used to create parts of tools, springs, gears and mechanical components, as well as keys, kitchen utensils and car parts.