OLD KURDISH LANGUAGE

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Kurdish probably separated from other northwestern dialects in the first century AD .e. (Middle Iranian period) and evolved into New Iranian in the Middle Ages (around the 10th century AD). By the 10th century, the Kurdish language had split into two main dialect groups: one leading to modern Kurmanji, Sorani, and Kelkhuri, and the other to modern Zazaki, Gorani, and Shabaki. The Gorani group marks the beginning of modern Kurdish dialects. The Gorani dialect spoken by the Kurds of the Avraman Mountains in Zagros has preserved its original vocabulary and archaic features the best, followed by Zazaki. Northern Kurdish has also undergone fewer changes, remaining more conservative in phonetics and morphology compared to central and southern regions. Central Kurdish has been influenced by Arabic due to cultural proximity, while Southern Kurdish and Laki have been influenced by Persian. Gender and case categories persist in some modern Kurdish dialects. Morphological differences complicate understanding between northern and central Kurds, despite similar phonetics and vocabulary roots. Some sources suggest that the Old Kurdish language, from which all other dialects originated, is best seen in the Gorani dialect.

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