Introduction to Lathe Machine,Working principle,Operations and specifications of lathe

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#LATHE - A lathe (Longitudinal Axis Tool Holding Equipment) is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis.

#Working Principle of Lathe

● A lathe is a machine tool which use to removes unwanted materials from a work piece in the form of chips with the help of a tool that travels across the work piece and can be fed deep in work.

●When the tool is moved parallel to the work-piece then the cylindrical surface is formed.

●If the tool is moved inclined to the axis then it produces a tapered surface and so calls as taper turning.

#Working :-

● It holds the work between two supports so call as centers.

● Face plate or Chuck are using for holding the work.

● Face plate or Chuck are mounted on the machine spindle.

● The cutting tool is holding with the help of Tool post.

● The movement of the job is rotating about the spindle axis.

● Against the revolving work, the tool is feed.

● The tool moves either parallel or inclination to the work axis.

#Main Parts of lathe Machine

◆ In a lathe machine every individual part performs an important task.
◆ Some important parts of a lathe machine are as follows:

1. Bed

2. Head Stock

3. Main Spindle

4. Tail Stock

5. Lead Screw

6. Live Center

7. Dead Center

8. Carriage

i. Saddle

ii. Apron

iii. Tool Post

iv. Cross slide

v. Compound Rest

vi. Compound Slide

9. Feed Mechanism

i. Belt Feed Mechanism

ii. Gear Feed Mechanism

#Lathe_Operations :-

1. Turning

i. Tapers and Taper Turning
ii. Straight turning
iii. Profiling
iv. External grooving, etc

2. Facing

3. Drilling

4. Boring

i. Counter Boring
ii. Taper Boring

5. Reaming

6. Knurling

7. Chamfering

8. Filling

9. Parting

10. Threading

11. Grooving

12. Forming

13. Polishing

#Specification of Lathe

● A lathe is generally designated by:

(a) Swing, i.e., the largest work diameter that can be swung over the lathe bed.

(b) Distance between head stock and tail stock centre.

Some manufacturers designate the lathes by the swing and length of the bed.

Bar automatic lathes are specified by the maximum diameter of the bar which can be accommodated.

In order to specify a lathe completely, the following specifications should be included:

1. (a) Height of centres (b) Type of bed, i.e. straight, semi-gap, or gap type (c) Centre distance.

2. (a) Swing over bed. (b) Swing over cross slide, (c) Swing in gap. (d) Gap in front of face plate, (e) Width of bed.

3. (a) Spindle Speeds Range, (b) Spindle Nose (Type), (c) Spindle bore, (d) Taper in nose.

4. (a) Metric thread pitches, (b) Lead screw pitch, (c) Longitudinal feeds, (d) Cross feeds.

5. (a) Cross slide travel, (b) Top slide travel, (c) Tool section.

6. (a) Tailstock sleeve travel. (b) Taper in sleeve bore.

7. Motor horsepower and RPM.

8. Shipping dimensions—length x width x height x weight.

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