🌟Hey future IITians & doctors! 👩🔬👨⚕️
Welcome to another power-packed session on “General Formula in Organic Chemistry” — one of the most scoring yet tricky topics in Class 11 & 12 Chemistry, NEET, and JEE Main/Advanced.
This video is your complete shortcut guide + visual memory map for organic compound families — Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols,
Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Amines, and more! 🌈
Organic chemistry is like a story — every compound has a pattern! Once you know the general formula, you can decode any reaction, any
mechanism, and any structure in seconds. ⏳
⚗️ Definition: What is a General Formula?
The general formula represents a family of organic compounds that have:
Similar functional groups
Gradual change in physical properties
Predictable chemical reactivity
It helps us relate homologous series — where each successive member differs by a –CH₂ group.
🧩 Example:
Alkanes → CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Alkenes → CₙH₂ₙ
Alkynes → CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
🔍 Homologous Series Simplified
A homologous series is like a family where every member grows by one carbon at a time — just like siblings growing taller! 😄
Compound Type General Formula Example Functional Group
Alkane CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ Methane (CH₄) —
Alkene CₙH₂ₙ Ethene (C₂H₄) C=C
Alkyne CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ Ethyne (C₂H₂) C≡C
Alcohol CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) –OH
Aldehyde CₙH₂ₙO CH₃CHO –CHO
Ketone CₙH₂ₙO CH₃COCH₃ C=O
Carboxylic Acid CₙH₂ₙO₂ CH₃COOH –COOH
Amine CₙH₂ₙ₊₃N CH₃NH₂ –NH₂
Ester CₙH₂ₙO₂ CH₃COOC₂H₅ –COOR
Ether CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O C₂H₅OC₂H₅ –O–
🎯 Factors Affecting General Formula Understanding
Functional Group Presence → Determines reactivity & formula pattern.
Carbon Hybridization (sp, sp², sp³) → Changes hydrogen count.
Saturation/Unsaturation → Alkanes vs. Alkenes vs. Alkynes.
Branching or Ring Formation → Alters general formula (Cycloalkanes follow CₙH₂ₙ).
🧩 Real-Life Connection
Think of it like Lego blocks 🧱 — every carbon adds two hydrogens to the chain!
That’s why organic compounds follow mathematical patterns.
Example analogy 🎮:
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ → Each carbon brings two hydrogen friends + two end caps!
💡 Exam Tricks & Shortcuts
🧠 “Double bond = minus 2 H”, Triple bond = minus 4 H
🔥 Cycloalkane → same as alkene (CₙH₂ₙ)
⚡ Functional groups = formula modifiers
📝 Remember: Each homologous series differs by CH₂ (14 u)
📚 Shortcut Mnemonic:
💥 “All Alligators Always Keep Alcohol After Kissing Angry Elephants”
(Alkane → Alkene → Alkyne → Ketone → Alcohol → Aldehyde → Acid → Ester)
🧠 Exam Relevance (NEET & JEE Focus)
🧾 1–2 questions guaranteed in NEET/JEE Mains from general formula/homologous series.
💥 Used in nomenclature, reaction prediction, and isomer count.
💪 Also important for physical property trends like boiling point, solubility, and polarity.
🧾 Quick Notes for Last-Minute Revision
Alkanes: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ → Single bond
Alkenes: CₙH₂ₙ → Double bond
Alkynes: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ → Triple bond
Cycloalkanes: CₙH₂ₙ → Ring
Alcohols: CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
Aldehydes: CₙH₂ₙO
Ketones: CₙH₂ₙO
Acids: CₙH₂ₙO₂
Ethers: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂O
Amines: CₙH₂ₙ₊₃N
💬 Tips for Memorising General Formula
Use pattern spotting (notice +2, –2, +1 trends).
Draw flowcharts/mind maps.
Revise with examples (ethane → ethene → ethyne).
Practice naming & structure conversions.
🧾 Short Notes Summary
✅ Organic chemistry = logical pattern of atoms.
✅ Functional groups define the family.
✅ General formula connects structure, naming, and reactions.
✅ Learn by visualising! 💡
🎓 This Video Is For
Chemistry for IIT JEE, NEET, GATE, CSIR NET, UGC NET, TIFR, CUET, SET, and TIFR aspirants.
Perfect for quick concept clarity + last-day revision!
🚀
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