The Spiny Oak Slug, scientifically known as Euclea delphinii, is the larval stage (caterpillar) of a type of moth belonging to the family Limacodidae, also known as slug caterpillar moths.
Caterpillars are about an inch long when mature and have a flattened, ovoid body.
They have a variety of vibrant colors, including green, yellow, orange, red, and sometimes shades of pink or even white.
They are covered in spines, particularly with large, hornlike spines with dark-tipped bristles at the front and rear, and additional clumps of spines along the back and sides.
The sides of the abdomen often have rounded depressions edged in black or white.
Their movement resembles that of a slug, using suction cups instead of prolegs.
The adult moth has a chunky, fuzzy body with wide, rounded wings.
Forewings are brownish, often with orange patches or purplish shades, and a green patch in the middle area bordered with white.
The size of the green patch can vary greatly, and males and females look different, with males being smaller and having comblike antennae.
Habitat and Distribution:
They are generally found in areas with deciduous hardwoods, such as forests and gardens.
They are distributed across North America, from Quebec and New Brunswick to Florida, and west to Texas and north to Minnesota.
While widespread, they may occur in localized concentrations.
The caterpillars feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including oaks, apples, maples, cherries, and willows.
They are considered relatively omnivorous.
The moths lay flat, oval eggs on leaves.
The larvae hatch in about a week and molt eight or nine times before maturing.
Mature caterpillars spin a tough silk cocoon in which they overwinter as pupae.
In warmer regions, there can be two generations per year.
Stinging Spines:
The spiny oak slug caterpillar is known for its stinging spines, which are venomous and can inflict a painful sting.
These spines release a toxin upon contact.
While the sting is generally considered mild compared to some other slug caterpillars, it can cause pain, burning, itching, and swelling.
Individuals may react differently, and some may have a stronger allergic reaction that requires medical attention.
It is best to avoid touching these caterpillars. If stung, applying tape to remove any embedded spines, using ice to reduce swelling, and a baking soda paste or hydrocortisone cream may help alleviate symptoms. Seek medical help if the reaction is severe or persistent.
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