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Learn how to effectively use shell scripting to move files between user directories in Ubuntu while managing permissions without switching to root access.
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How to Move a File Into Another User's Directory with Shell Script on Ubuntu

When working on a shared server, it often becomes necessary to manage files owned by different users. One common task might be moving a file from one directory to another, but sometimes you face challenges due to permission issues. This guide walks you through an effective way to create a shell script that allows you to move files between users' directories in Ubuntu.

The Challenge

You might find yourself in a situation similar to the one described by a user on Ubuntu 16.04. In their case, user userA has a file located at /home/userA/dirA/theFile.txt. However, they need to move this file into a directory owned by another user, userB, which is located at /home/userB/dirB/.

Here's a snapshot of the challenge:

The script attempts to move the file using sudo, but it fails because it does not have the necessary permissions.

The user does not want to run the script as root, as it poses security risks.

The Solution

To overcome the permission issue and allow both users to share files, you can use Unix groups. By creating a common group that includes both users and adjusting the permissions of the directories, you can seamlessly transfer files without needing root access.

Step 1: Create a New Group

Create a new group that both userA and userB will belong to. Open the terminal and run:

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Step 2: Add Both Users to the Group

Add the users to the newly created group:

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Step 3: Set the Appropriate Permissions

Change the group ownership of the directories where the files will be moved and allow group write permissions:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 4: Update the Shell Script

Now your shell script can be modified to move the file without permission issues. Here’s an example of how your script could look:

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Step 5: Execute the Script

Run the modified script as userA. Since both users belong to the same group with appropriate permissions, the file should now be moved successfully without encountering permission issues.

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can create a workflow that allows file sharing between users on an Ubuntu server without compromising security or requiring root access. Utilizing Unix groups effectively manages user permissions and facilitates smooth file operations.

Remember that proper permissions are crucial for the security of your server, so always review group memberships and their corresponding rights. Enjoy moving your files effortlessly!