Optical activity ll Optical isomers ll Dextrorotatory & Levorotatory

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what are optical isomers ?

what is optical activity ?

what is plane polarized light ?

what is dextrorotatory?

what is levorotatory?

Circular dichroism
Chirality
Enantiomers
Polarization
Plane of polarization
Circular birefringence
Optical rotation
D- and L-isomers
Optical anisotropy
Cotton effect
Chiral molecules
Stereoisomers
Mirror images
D- and L- forms
Asymmetric molecules
Racemates
Circular dichroism
Optical activity
#biology
#biochemistry
#neet
#usmle
#bds
#mbbs
#physiotherapy
#nursing
#opticalactivity
#dextrorotatory
#levorotatory
#enantiomers
#chirality
#Polarization
#carbohydrates






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Optical isomers, also known as enantiomers or stereoisomers, are a type of isomerism that arises due to the presence of chiral centers in molecules. Chiral centers are carbon atoms bonded to four different groups, resulting in a non-superimposable mirror image relationship between the molecules.

Key features of optical isomers include:

1. Non-superimposability: Optical isomers cannot be superimposed onto their mirror images. They exhibit a property known as chirality, where the spatial arrangement of atoms is such that they cannot be aligned perfectly with their mirror image.

2. Mirror-image relationship: Optical isomers exist as pairs of molecules that are mirror images of each other. These pairs are referred to as enantiomers, and they share the same chemical and physical properties, except for their interaction with other chiral compounds and plane-polarized light.

3. Optical activity: Enantiomers have the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light. One enantiomer will rotate light in a clockwise direction (dextrorotatory, designated as "+"), while the other enantiomer will rotate light in a counterclockwise direction (levorotatory, designated as "-"). Enantiomers with equal and opposite rotation magnitudes are called optically active.

4. Identical physical properties: Enantiomers have the same melting point, boiling point, solubility, and other physical properties, except for their interaction with other chiral substances and the rotation of plane-polarized light.

5. Different biological activity: Enantiomers can exhibit different biological activities, as they may interact differently with chiral biological targets such as enzymes, receptors, or other proteins in the body. For example, one enantiomer of a drug may have a therapeutic effect, while the other enantiomer may be inactive or even exhibit adverse effects.

It's important to note that enantiomers have the same chemical formula and connectivity between atoms. They differ only in their three-dimensional spatial arrangement, which gives rise to their distinct properties.

Separation of enantiomers is an important aspect in pharmaceuticals, as the biological activity and safety of many drugs can be dependent on their specific stereochemistry. Techniques such as chiral chromatography, enzymatic resolution, and synthesis of specific enantiomers are employed to obtain pure enantiomers for medical use.

In summary, optical isomers or enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror image molecules that exhibit similar physical properties but differ in their interaction with chiral compounds and the rotation of plane-polarized light.



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