Teutonic Knights and Germany (Earth Archives)

The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, since it was a crusading military order during the Middle Ages and much of the modern era.

In 1143, Pope Celestine II ordered the Knights Hospitaller to take over management of a German Hospital in Jerusalem, which, according to the chronicler Jean d’Ypres, accommodated the countless German pilgrims and crusaders who could neither speak the local tongue (that is, French) nor Latin (patrie linguam ignorantibus atque Latinam).However, although formally an institution of the Hospitallers, the pope commanded that the prior and the brothers of the domus Teutonicorum ("house of the Germans") should always be Germans themselves, so a tradition of a German-led religious institution could develop during the twelfth century in Palestine.

After the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, some merchants from Lübeck and Bremen took up the idea and founded a field hospital for the duration of the siege of Acre in 1190, which became the nucleus of the order; Celestine III recognized it in 1192, by granting the monks Augustinian Rule. Based on the model of the Knights Templar it was, however, transformed into a military order in 1198, and the head of the order became known as the Grand Master (magister hospitalis). It received Papal orders for crusades to take and hold Jerusalem for Latin Christianity and defend the Holy Land against the Muslim Saracens. During the rule of Grand Master Hermann von Salza (1209-1239), the Order changed from being a hospice brotherhood for pilgrims to primarily a military order.

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