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The biggest known star in the universe is UY Scuti, a hypergiant star located in the constellation Scutum. UY Scuti is a truly colossal celestial body with a radius approximately 1,700 times that of the Sun. If placed at the center of our solar system, its surface would extend beyond the orbit of Jupiter, possibly reaching even Saturn's orbit.

UY Scuti is classified as a red supergiant or hypergiant star, a type of star that has expanded to an immense size in the later stages of its life. These stars are massive, unstable, and nearing the end of their life cycle, which will eventually culminate in a supernova explosion. Due to its immense size, UY Scuti has a low density, with its outer layers being very tenuous and spread out over a vast region of space.

The star's luminosity is about 340,000 times that of the Sun, though it radiates much of its energy in the infrared part of the spectrum, making it less visually bright than other, smaller stars that emit more visible light. UY Scuti is also relatively cool for a star, with surface temperatures around 3,365 K (3,092 °C or 5,598 °F), giving it a reddish appearance.

Stars like UY Scuti challenge our understanding of the limits of star sizes, and their study provides valuable insights into stellar evolution, particularly for massive stars. UY Scuti’s size is difficult to comprehend; it's a reminder of the incredible scale and diversity of objects in our universe. Despite its size, UY Scuti is not the most massive star—that title goes to stars like R136a1, a Wolf-Rayet star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is significantly more massive but much smaller in diameter.

UY Scuti, as large as it is, is also not an isolated case. There are other enormous stars like VY Canis Majoris and Betelgeuse, which, while slightly smaller, still dwarf most of the stars we are familiar with, including our own Sun. These stars will eventually end their lives in spectacular supernovae, scattering elements into space that will contribute to the formation of new stars, planets, and possibly even life.

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