Latin adjectives song

This video reviews how adjectives function in Latin. I ignore the vocative, because it's pretty rare and because it's easier to just remember that in all instances (except for in the singular for 2nd decl. nouns ending in -us and -ius) it's identical to the nominative.

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LYRICS:
Adjectives modify nouns.
They agree with the nouns in case, number and gender,
using 1st declension for feminine,
2nd declension for masculine and neuter.

There are also 3rd declension adjectives
that use the 3rd declension endings
for all three of the genders.

Any adjective can modify a noun of any declension.

puella sapiens = "the wise girl" in the feminine nominative singular

litus bōnum = "the good shore" in the neuter nominative or accusative singular

vir malus = "the bad man" in the masculine nominative singular

Knowing the declension of a noun or adjective is important [for instance, litus, litōris is 3rd declension – you can tell from the genitive form. Otherwise, you’d think it was 2nd declension masculine]

Adjectives modify nouns.
They agree with the noun in case, number, and gender

puellārum sapientium = "of the wise girls" in the feminine genitive plural

litora bōna = "the good shores" in the neuter nominative or accusative plural

virīs malīs = "to/for or from/with/in/by the bad men" in the masculine dative or ablative plural

Sometimes the noun and adjective will have the same ending but only if they are the same declension

3rd declension adjectives can be tricky for a few reasons:

Firstly, they are i-stem, which means they have an “i” in the ablative singular, the genitive plural, and the neuter nominative and accusative plural

Secondly, because they sometimes have one form in the nominative for all three genders, they sometimes have two, and they sometimes have three. The dictionary entry will show you which kind it is.


saxa ingentia = "the huge rocks" in the neuter nominative or accusative plural

homines bonī = "the good people" in the masculine nominative plural

cīvī fortī = "to/for the brave citizen" in the masculine dative singular [if it was cīve fortī, then it would be ablative]

Adjectives modify nouns.
They agree with the nouns in case, number and gender.

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