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The random module in Python provides functions for generating pseudo-random numbers. Here's a breakdown of commonly used functions:
1. random.random()
Generates a random floating-point number between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive).
Takes no arguments.
2. random.randint(a, b)
Generates a random integer between a (inclusive) and b (inclusive).
Both a and b must be integers.
3. random.randrange(start, stop, step)
Generates a random integer within a specified range, similar to range().
start (inclusive): The starting value of the range (default is 0).
stop (exclusive): The ending value of the range.
step (optional): The increment between numbers (default is 1).
4. random.choice(sequence)
Selects a random element from a given sequence (list, tuple, string, etc.).
5. random.uniform(a, b)
Generates a random floating-point number between a (inclusive) and b (inclusive).
6. random.shuffle(sequence)
Shuffles the elements of a sequence (list) in place.
7. random.seed(a)
Initializes the random number generator with a seed value. If you use the same seed, you will get the same sequence of random numbers.
This is useful for debugging or creating reproducible random sequences.