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The University of New Mexico& The Office of Animal Care and Compliance present Animal Care and Use A learning module developed and presented by the OACC
,Introduction This module was developed to assist you in understanding the humane and ethical use of animals in research
,Background The general principles of humane use of animals in research were formulated by Marshall Hall in 1831.
Prior to 1966 no federal law addressed laboratory animal welfare. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was passed by Congress in 1966 establishing legal standards for laboratory animal care and use and fell under the purview of the USDA. The 1971 NIH policy required institutions using warm blooded animals in research or teaching supported by NIH grants, awards or contracts to “assure the NIH that they will evaluate their animal facilities in regard to the maintenance of acceptable standards for the care, use and treatment of such animals”. ,IACUC The AWA consists of many Animal Care Policies and 9 Government Principles with regard to animal welfare.
An Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is mandated by the Health Research Extension Act (HREA) of 1985 and the AWA to enforce the AWA and the 9 Government Principles. IACUC’s must be composed of a chairman and at least two additional members who shall be a DVM and one other member that is not affiliated with the institution. ,Animals The Animal Welfare Act defines animal as any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warm-blooded animal which is being used, or is intended for use for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet. This term excludes birds, rats of the genus rattus, and mice of the genus mus, bred for use in research.
,Animals Horses not used for research purposes and other farm animals such as, but not limited to, livestock or poultry used as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber are also covered under the AWA.
,Animals An experimental animal model is an animal model that has disease which occurs naturally and mimics a human disease in some way, in which the experimentally induced condition mimics a human disease, is a model of a disease that is similar but does not entirely mimic a human disease, or is used as a replacement for studying a disease in humans for which the desired distress conditions can not ethically be produced.
,Animals Basically, the AWA covers all warm-blooded animals except Laboratory Rats and Mice, and Wild Birds.
However, the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals defines an animal as ALL VERTEBRATES, INCLUDING POIKILOTHERMS. ,Animals It is the responsibility of this institution to adhere to the policies of the AWA and the PHS.
This can be accomplished if all persons working with any animals or animal tissues follow the 9 Government Principles. ,Principle 1 The transportation, care and use of animals should be in accordance with the AWA and other applicable federal laws, guidelines, and policies.
The IACUC shall determine that the proposed activities are in accordance with the PHS Policy and USDA AWR 9 CFR part 2, Subpart C unless acceptable justification for a departure is presented. ,Principle 2 Procedures involving animals should be designed and performed with due consideration of their scientific relevance to human or animals health, the advancement of knowledge, or the good of society.
The Principal Investigator must provide Assurance that the activities do not unnecessarily duplicate previous experiments ,Principle 3 The animals selected for a procedure should be of an appropriate species and quality and the minimum number required to obtain valid results. Animal alternatives should be considered.
Protocols must contain the following: Identification of s