荔枝如何大量開花及結果。（2020年，結果看另外一篇）

成都曲

張籍

錦江近西煙水綠，新雨山頭荔枝熟。

萬里橋邊多酒家，遊人愛向誰家宿。

原文網址：https://kknews.cc/history/ygep3ob.html

1、 荔枝結果後收成用剪枝成串不宜單摘果粒 :收成後將多餘條剪除。
2、 秋冬季節不宜過度澆水: 恐造成只長枝條不長花穗。果樹施43號肥料，不宜單施氮肥。
3 及時施開花肥：採收後秋施底肥，就好像坐月子一樣，快速補充營養，有利於樹體過冬和來年的花芽質量。秋肥養支條，春肥養花穗。支條健壯。花穗多才有意義。開花肥一般在花穗抽出見到花蕾時施用，施肥量視成花量及樹勢而定，可促進花穗發育。
4 合理控穗：一般抽生早的花穗以及過長的花穗花質差，雌花比例少，坐果率低，特別是花穗大的品種，要合理調節和控制花量及花量，以提高坐果率。花穗長寬超30公分則花過於茂盛一定要篩花。在開花初期樹太高拿竹竿打掉大部分花穗。如果花開如櫻花茂盛恐怕結果不佳。
靠近地面枝條以人工短截花穗，短截花穗可減少花量，提高花質。花穗短截的輕重要視品種而定。 這個大丁香品種要做。
5、防治病蟲害：危害荔枝花穗的主要病蟲害有荔枝蝽象、荔枝癭蟎、尺蠖、蚜蟲及荔枝霜疫霉病。開花前15天及結果後噴藥防治，花期間噴藥蜜蜂不來影響授粉。我大概開花至收成前15天共噴藥3-4次。
6應用植物生長調節劑保果：在果實開花前、幼果期、果實膨大期分別噴「結果劑」保果。沒有結果雜支剪除。保持空氣流通，見不到陽光的花穗剪除。因為結果不成浪費養分。
7、加強水分管理保果：乾旱時要灌水，高溫、日照強時，要對樹冠要噴水，地面放大水箱保持樹間空氣濕度，以利結果。雨多積水時要及時排水。
8、及時防治病蟲害保果：荔枝果實發育期主要病害有荔枝霜疫霉病、荔枝煤煙病、荔枝炭疽病，主要蟲害有荔枝蒂蛀蟲、荔枝蝽象、荔枝小灰蝶等。應重點抓好荔枝幼果期的病蟲害防治。
9、果樹開花後是適當補充磷鉀肥。果實才會健康成長，葉末出現乾枯表示施肥太多。暖冬也會結果不良。所以每年冬季最好有十天溫度在十度以下。

1. After the lychees are harvested, it is not advisable to prune them into clusters and not to pick the fruit alone: ​​after harvesting, cut off the excess strips.
2. Excessive watering in autumn and winter is not advisable: it may cause only long branches and no flower spikes. No. 43 fertilizer should be applied to fruit trees, and nitrogen fertilizer alone should not be applied.
3. Apply flowering fertilizer in time: Flowering fertilizer is generally applied when flower spikes are pulled out and flower buds are seen. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the amount of flowers and tree vigor, which can promote the development of flower spikes.
4. Reasonable control of panicles: Generally, early flower panicles and long flower panicles have poor flower quality, a small proportion of female flowers, and a low fruit setting rate, especially for varieties with large flower panicles. Fruit set rate. If the length and width of the flower spike exceeds 30 cm, the flower is too lush and must be sieved. When the tree is too tall in the early flowering stage, use a bamboo pole to knock out most of the flower spikes. If the flowers bloom like cherry blossoms, I am afraid the results will not be good.
Shorten the flower ears by artificially cutting the branches close to the ground, which can reduce the amount of flowers and improve the quality of flowers. The importance of the truncation of the flower spike depends on the variety. This large lilac variety is going to do.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main pests and diseases that harm litchi flower ears are lychee stink bug, lychee gall mites, inchworms, aphids and lychee downy mildew. 15 days before flowering and after fruiting, spraying control, spraying bees during flowering period will not affect pollination. I sprayed it 3-4 times in about 15 days from flowering to harvest.
6. Application of plant growth regulators to preserve fruit: spray "fruiting agent" to preserve fruit before flowering, at the young fruit stage and at the fruit expansion stage. No resultant miscellaneous branch pruning. Keep air circulation and cut off flower spikes that don't see sunlight. Because the result is not a waste of nutrients.
7. Strengthen water management to preserve fruit: water should be irrigated during drought, water should be sprayed on the canopy during high temperature and strong sunshine, and water tanks should be enlarged on the ground to maintain the humidity of the air between the trees to facilitate the results. Drain the water in time when it rains heavily.
8. Timely control of pests and diseases to protect fruit: The main diseases of lychee fruit development period are lychee downy mildew, lychee soot disease, lychee anthracnose, and the main pests are lychee stem borer, lychee stink bug, lychee small gray butterfly, etc. We should focus on the control of pests and diseases at the young fruit stage of litchi.
9. After the fruit tree blooms, it is appropriate to supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The fruit will grow healthily, and dryness at the end of the leaves indicates too much fertilization. Warm winters can also have bad results. Therefore, it is best to have ten days in winter when the temperature is below ten degrees.