Скачать или смотреть Vitamin B12 deficiency : Cause, Symptoms & Treatment

Dr Rahul Tripathi (BDS,MDS in Prosthodontics and Implantology)

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What is vitamin B12?
Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that helps your body keep your nerve cells and blood cells healthy. It also helps your body make DNA, the genetic material in all of your cells.
Your body doesn't make vitamin B12 on its own. You have to consume food and drinks
vitamin B12 contains the mineral cobalt, it's sometimes known as cobalamin.
 Methylcobalamin is the active form of vitamin B12. Cyanocobalamin, which must be processed by the body into the active form, is the most common type used in supplements.
How does my body absorb vitamin B12?
Two things need to happen for your body to absorb vitamin B12 from the food you eat.
Hydrochloric acid in your stomach removes vitamin B12 from the food it was in.
Vitamin B12 combines with something called intrinsic factor, a protein made by your stomach.
Vitamin B12 is then able to be absorbed by your digestive system.

What causes vitamin B12 deficiency?
Lack of vitamin B12 in your diet: People who don't eat enough foods that naturally have vitamin B12 or don't eat foods fortified with vitamin B12 can develop vitamin B12 deficiency.
Gastritis: Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, and it’s a common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. It can cause vitamin B12 deficiency due to a lack of hydrochloric acid in your stomach, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
Pernicious anemia: People who have pernicious anemia — a rare medical condition — aren't able to make intrinsic factor, a protein made by your stomach. You need intrinsic factor so that your body can absorb B12 vitamin. People with pernicious anemia have a B12 vitamin deficiency.
Digestive diseases: Diseases that affect the digestive system, like Crohn’s disease and celiac disease, can prevent your body from fully absorbing vitamin B12.
Surgery: People who have gastrointestinal surgery — like a gastric bypass (weight loss surgery) — can have difficulty absorbing vitamin B12.
Alcohol use disorder: This condition can damage your digestive system and cause vitamin B12 deficiency.

What are the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause physical, neurological and psychological
symptoms.
General physical symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include:
Feeling very tired or weak.
Experiencing nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Not feeling as hungry as usual.
Weight loss.
Having a sore mouth or tongue.
Having yellowish skin.

Neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include:
Numbness or tingling in your hands and feet.
Vision problems.
Having a hard time remembering things or getting confused easily.
Having a difficult time walking or speaking like you usually do.

Psychological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include:
Feeling depressed.
Feeling irritable.
Experiencing a change in the way you feel and behave.

Treatment
Options for vitamin B12 treatment include:
Vitamin B12 oral medication.
Vitamin B12 intramuscular injections (a shot that goes into your muscle).
Vitamin B12 nasal gel.
Vitamin B12 nasal spray.

Vitamin B12 Dosage
The average recommended daily amounts, measured in micrograms, vary by age:
Infants up to age 6 months: 0.4 micrograms
Babies aged 7-12 months: 0.5 micrograms
Children aged 1-3 years: 0.9 micrograms
Kids aged 4-8 years: 1.2 micrograms
Children aged 9-13 years: 1.8 micrograms
Teens aged 14-18 years: 2.4 micrograms
Adults (19+ years): 2.4 micrograms

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