Скачать или смотреть The $200 Million Machines Only One Company Can Build: How ASML Became Silicon's Gatekeeper

ASML Holding has evolved from a humble Dutch startup into a global monopoly that controls the production of the world’s most advanced semiconductors. Through decades of risky investment and collaboration with partners like Carl Zeiss, the company developed extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, a process essential for creating the microscopic transistors found in modern AI and smartphones. These machines are so complex and unique that they have become strategic assets in international trade disputes, particularly between the United States and China. Despite their high cost and extreme engineering requirements, ASML's systems are the only technology capable of maintaining the progress of Moore’s Law. Consequently, the firm serves as an indispensable bottleneck in the global tech supply chain, generating massive revenue while remaining nearly impossible for competitors to replicate.
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