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CLEO2025: MgWO4 Tm:MgWO₄ and Yb:MgWO₄ crystals

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Magnesium Tungstate (MgWO₄)
General Properties:
Chemical formula: MgWO₄
Crystal structure: Monoclinic (wolframite-type structure)
Appearance: White to colorless crystalline solid
Density: ~7.5 g/cm³
Melting point: ~1325 °C

Optical & Physical Properties:
Refractive index: ~1.9 (moderate)
Transparency range: Typically transparent in the visible and near-IR regions

Scintillation: MgWO₄ is known for its scintillation properties — it emits light when exposed to high-energy radiation like X-rays or gamma rays.

Thermal stability: Good, with relatively low thermal expansion

Applications:
Scintillators: Used in radiation detection, medical imaging (e.g., CT scanners), and high-energy physics
Laser host: Sometimes used as a host material for rare-earth doped laser crystals
Phosphors: Due to its luminescent properties, it can be used in display or lighting technologies

Tm:MgWO₄ (thulium-doped magnesium tungstate) and Yb:MgWO₄ (ytterbium-doped magnesium tungstate) are transition-metal tungstate crystals doped with rare-earth ions for laser and optical applications, particularly in the near-IR spectral region. These are part of a class of materials used as laser hosts due to their favorable thermal, mechanical, and spectroscopic properties.

Crystal Host: MgWO₄ (Magnesium Tungstate)
Crystal structure: Monoclinic wolframite-type
Hardness: Moderate (~4.5–5 on Mohs scale)
Thermal conductivity: Low (~2 W/m·K), but with good thermal stability
Transparency range: ~0.4 to 5 μm
Advantages: High density, chemically stable, moderate refractive index (~1.9), good rare-earth solubility

Tm:MgWO₄ (Thulium-Doped)
Typical lasing wavelength: ~1.9–2.05 μm (Tm³⁺:³F₄ → ³H₆ transition)
Pump wavelength: 780–800 nm (often diode-laser pumped)
Emission bandwidth: Broad (~100 nm), suitable for tunable and ultrafast lasers

Applications:
Medical lasers (eye-safe 2 μm region)
Mid-IR pumping (e.g., for OPOs or Ho-doped lasers)
LIDAR and remote sensing

Advantages:
Long upper-state lifetime
Efficient cross-relaxation process (2-for-1 photon absorption)
Good potential for Q-switching and mode-locking

Yb:MgWO₄ (Ytterbium-Doped)
Key Features:
Typical lasing wavelength: ~1020–1060 nm (Yb³⁺:²F₅/₂ → ²F₇/₂ transition)
Pump wavelength: ~900–980 nm
Emission bandwidth: Broad, enabling femtosecond pulse generation

Applications:
High-power diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers
Ultrafast (fs) laser systems
Laser amplifiers

Advantages:
Simple energy level scheme (quasi-three-level laser)
High quantum efficiency (~90%)
No excited-state absorption or upconversion losses
High slope efficiency potential

Comparative Notes:
Property Tm:MgWO₄ Yb:MgWO₄
Emission Wavelength ~1.9–2.05 μm ~1020–1060 nm
Pump Wavelength ~790–800 nm ~900–980 nm
Emission Bandwidth Broad (~100 nm) Broad (~30–40 nm)
Applications Mid-IR, medical, LIDAR High-power, ultrafast
Thermal Conductivity Moderate (~2 W/m·K) Same