When you hear the word “shogun,” you’d probably imagine the samurai leader ruling Japan. But strictly speaking, the original meaning is different. Shogun is an abbreviation for 征夷大将軍 Seii-Taishogun, a title originally given to those appointed to conquer the northeastern region of Japan, formerly known as 蝦夷 Emishi.
In other words, the first shogun, 坂上田村麻呂 Sakagami Tamuramaro, was a warrior, but not exactly a samurai. And his conquest of the Emishi temporarily abolished the shogun title.
The next time this title was brought back was at the end of the Heian period. When civil conflicts broke out at the Imperial Court, 木曽義仲 Kiso Yoshinaka was appointed to defeat 源頼朝 Minamoto no Yoritomo, who was trying to raise the power of samurai.
However, Minamoto no Yoritomo eventually became powerful enough to establish the Kamakura Shogunate and rule Japan. Yoritomo then requested the title of Shogun from the Imperial Court, and from then the definition of Shogun became "the head of the samurai and leader of the country" as we imagine today.
By the way, in Japanese we call the Shogunate 幕府 bakufu. The term "bakufu" was originally used to call the camp curtains set up when attacking the East.
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