Скачать или смотреть Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 4 Features / Nature / Characteristics of Planning

Features / Nature / Characteristics of Planning:

1. Planning contributes to Objectives:
Planning starts with the determination of objectives. We cannot think of planning in absence of objective. After setting up of the objectives, planning decides the methods, procedures and steps to be taken for achievement of set objectives.
2. Planning is Primary function of management:
Planning is the primary or first function to be performed by every manager. No other function can be executed by the manager without performing planning function
3. Pervasive:
Planning is required at all levels of the management. It is not a function restricted to top level managers only but planning is done by managers at every level.
4. Planning is futuristic/Forward looking:
Planning always means looking ahead or planning is a futuristic function.
5. Planning is continuous:
Planning is a never ending or continuous process because after making plans also one has to be in touch with the changes in changing environment and in the selection of one best way.
6. Planning involves decision making:
The planning function is needed only when different alternatives are available and we have to select most suitable alternative. We cannot imagine planning in absence of choice because in planning function managers evaluate various alternatives and select the most appropriate. But if there is one alternative available then there is no requirement of planning.
7. Planning is a mental exercise:
It is mental exercise. Planning is a mental process which requires higher thinking that is why it is kept separate from operational activities by Taylor. In planning assumptions and predictions regarding future are made by scanning the environment properly.