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MANAGING PARTITIONS & FILE SYSTEMS:
What is a partition:
Partitioning is a means to divide a single hard drive into many logical drives. A partition is a contiguous set of blocks on a drive that are treated as an independent disk.
A partition table is an index that relates sections of the hard drive to partitions.

The Structure of Disk Partition::
1. On the disk where O/S is installed, will have the first partition as MBR.

2. MBR is a Master Boot Record, which contains two important utilities, IPL (Initial Program Loader) and PTI (Partition Table information)

3. IPL is responsible for booting the operating the system, because it contains the boot loader.

4. The PTI (Partition Table information) is the information about the number of partitions on the disk, sizes of the partition and types of partitions

THE CRITERIA OF DISK PARTITIONING:
Every disk can have only 3 Primary Partitions.

1.Primary Partition is a partition which usually holds the operating system. Only one
amongst the 3 primary partitions can be active which will be booted by MBR to load
the operating system.

2.Extended Partition is a special type of primary partition which can be subdivided into
multiple logical partitions. As there can be only 3 primary partitions per disk, and if
the user is required to make further partitions then all the space remaining on the
disk should be allocated to extended partition, which can be used to create the logical
partitions later. There can be only one extended partition per disk.

3. Logical partitions are the partitions which are created under extended partition, all
the space in the extended partition can be used to create any number of logical
partitions.

Disk Identification:
Different type of disks will be having different initials in Linux
1.IDE drive will be shown as /dev/hda
2.SCSI drive will be shown as /dev/sda
3.Virtual drive will be shown as /dev/vda

FILE SYSTEM:
It is method of storing the data in an organized fashion on the disk. Every partition on
the disk except MBR and Extended partition should be assigned with some file system
in order to make them store the data. File system is applied on the partition by
formatting it with a particular type of file system

Types of file systems used in RHEL:

EXT3:-
2.1 Stands for Third Extended File System
2.2 It was introduced in 2001
2.3 Supports Journaling Feature.
2.4 Maximum File Size can be from 16 GB to 2 TB
2.5 Maximum ext3 file system size can be from 2 TB to 32 TB
2.6 You can convert an ext2 file system to ext3 file system directly (without backup/restore).

EXT4:
3.1 Stands for Fouth Extended File System
3.2 It was introduced in 2008.
3.3 Supports Journaling Feature.
3.4 Maximum File Size can be from 16 GB to 16 TB
3.5 Maximum ext4 file system size is 1 EB (Exabyte). 1 EB = 1024 PB (Petabyte). 1 PB = 1024 TB (Terabyte).
3.6 All previous ext file systems can easily be converted into ext4 file system. You can also mount an existing ext3 f/s as ext4 f/s (without having to upgrade it).

What is Journaling:-
A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a "journal",

which is usually a circular log.In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems can be brought back online more quickly with a lower likelihood of becoming corrupted

MOUNTING:-
1. Attaching a directory to the file system in order to access the partition and its file
system is known as mounting.

2. The mount point is the directory (usually an empty one) in the currently accessible file
system to which a additional file system is mounted.

3. The /mnt directory exists by default on all Unix-like systems. It, or usually its
subdirectories (such as /mnt/floppy and /mnt/usb), are intended specifically for use as
mount points for removable media such as CDROMs, USB key drives and floppy disks.

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