Diabetes 2, Blood Glucose Homeostasis

It is essential that blood glucose concentrations are maintained at relatively constant levels. Glucose is the only form of sugar found in the blood. If other sugars, such as fructose or galactose, are absorbed from the gut, the liver quickly converts them into glucose. If there is too much glucose in the blood this will damage several body tissues, however if there is not enough, cells will not be able to use glucose as a fuel in the mitochondria. High blood glucose levels are referred to as hyperglycaemia and low levels as hypoglycaemia.


Some MCQs to think about.....

The beta cells in the pancreas produce;
(Choose one option)
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Glucose

Which of the following are functions of insulin?
(Choose one option)
a. Converts glucose to glycogen
b. Converts glycogen to glucose
c. Converts fats into ketones
d. Converts proteins into amino acids

Which of the following are functions of insulin?
(Choose one option)
a. Raised blood sugar levels
b. Lowers blood sugar levels
c. Raises serum cholesterol
d. Lowers serum amino acid levels

Which disease is caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreatic islets?
(Choose one option)
a. Diabetes mellitus type 1
b. Diabetes mellitus type 2
c. Gestational diabetes
d. Hypoglycaemia

Which of the following organs stores most glycogen?
(Choose one option)
a. Spleen
b. Kidneys
c. Pancreas
d. Liver

The alpha cells in the pancreas produce;
(Choose one option)
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Glucose