Скачать или смотреть Tribes of India Part 02 - Problems of Tribal people

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Kol
• Majority of Kol tribe is found in Madhya Pradesh, other states include Bihar, UP, Chhattisgarh, Assam, and Tripura.
Maria
• Maria tribes can be classified into two types: Abhuj Maria and Bison Horn Maria and are found in Chhattisgarh.
Abhuj Maria:
• They live in isolation and inhabit the secluded enclaves of Narayanpur tehsil of Bastar District.
• They are one of the few tribes that have many to keep their culture alive and unaffected by the vestiges of time
Bison Horn Maria :
• They are found in MP and Maharashtra.
• They derived their name from their unique custom of wearing a distinctive headdress, which resembles the horns of a wild bison
Mina/ Meena:
• They are found in the northern part of Rajasthan.
• Originally a nomadic, war like people practicing animal breeding and known for lawlessness, today most of them are farmers.
Irulas
• They are inhabitants of the Nilgiri mountains in Tamilnadu and Kerala, belonging to the Negrito (or Negroid) race.
Badagas
• It is one of the oldest tribal communities in the Nilgiris in Tamilnadu.
• They are socially, educationally and even economically advanced now.
Kota
• They have been living in the Nilgiri mountains for ages
• They are found living only in seven settlements, referred to by them as Kokkals
• They are the only artisan community on the hills of the Nilgiris.
Kanis
• They belong to a traditionally nomadic community, who now lead a primarily settled life in the forests of the Agasthymalai hills of the Western Ghats and Kerala
• They introduced Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI) to a medicinal plant in their forest from which a drug named ’jeevani’ was isolated and commercialized.
Uralis
• They are mostly found on the Idukki hills of Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Lambada / Banjaras/ Sugalisa
• They live in exclusive settlements of their own called Tandas, usually away from the main village, tenaciously maintaining their cultural and ethnic identity.
Jarawas
• They are one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands. They have inhabited the islands for thousands of years
Sentinelese
• They are one of the Remote indigenous peoples of Andaman and they inhabit North Sentinel Island.
• They are noted for vigorously resisting attempts at contact by outsiders.
• There is no evidence of either agricultural practices or methods of producing fire.
Shompens
• Found in the Great Nicobar Island
• They are also on the brink of extinction as the four other hunter-gatherer tribes (the Jarawa, the Andamanese, the Onge and the Sentinelese).
Onges
• Little Andaman
• A Negrito tribe with just 96 in number now.
• They are pure hunter-gatherers and are not aware of agriculture
Problems of Tribal People
1. The Problem of Geographic Separation:
• Living in the unapproachable physical areas such as deep valleys, dense forests, hills, moun¬tains, etc.
2. Cultural Problems:
• The tribal culture is entirely different from the way of life of the civilized people. They are suspicious towards the civilized people. They are clinging tenaciously to their customs and traditions
3. Social Problems:
• They have become the victims of superstitious beliefs, outmoded and meaningless practices and harmful habits.
• Child marriage, infanticide, homicide, animal sacrifice, exchange of wives, black magic and other harmful practices are still found among them.
4. Economic Problem:
• The tribal people are economically the poorest people of India. Majority of them live beta the poverty line.
(i) Exploitation:The innocence, illiteracy and helplessness of the tribals are exploited by the outsiders.
(ii) Problems of land ownership: A good portion of the land in the tribal areas has been legally transferred to non-tribals. Tribals demand that this land should be returned to them.
(iii) Unemployment and Underemployment: A large number of tribal young men and women are either unemployed or underemployed.
(iv) Non-Availability of Banking Facilities: The tribals, therefore, demand that “Agricultural Indebtedness Relief Acts” should be enacted so that they may get back their mort¬gaged land.
5. Educational Problems:
• Illiteracy is a major problem of the tribals. More than 3/4 of the tribals are illiterate.
o The Problem of Language and The curriculum of education is another main problem
6. Problem of Health and Sanitation:
• They do not take much care pertaining to their own health. They have their own traditional means of diagnosis and cure.
7. Problem of Separatism:
• The tribal groups such as Kolis, Mundas, Khasis, Santals, Naga, etc, who fought against the British were branded as “dacoits” and “robbers”.
• Smuggling, Infiltration and Drug Addiction is also another major problems