Скачать или смотреть Sociology | Karl Marx & Conflit Theory | Political Theory | Introduction To Marxism | Alienation

Karl Marx (1818–1883) is considered one of the key classical sociologists alongside Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. He made significant contributions to the foundation of modern sociology through his deep analysis of social and economic structures. His main contributions can be summarized as follows:

*1. Historical Materialism*

Marx introduced the concept of *historical materialism*, emphasizing that the development of societies is driven by the economic base (means and relations of production), which in turn shapes the superstructure (culture, laws, and ideas).

*2. Class Struggle*

He argued that conflict between social classes—specifically between the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers)—is the driving force of social and historical change.

*3. Critique of Capitalism*

Marx provided a profound critique of capitalism, portraying it as a system built on exploitation, where capitalists extract surplus value from the labor of workers.

*4. Alienation*

He developed the concept of *alienation*, describing the condition of workers under capitalism, where individuals become estranged from the products of their labor, from themselves, and from others due to the dominance of capital.

*5. Social Change and Revolution*

Marx believed that true social change could only be achieved through revolution, led by the working class, to abolish exploitation and build a more just socialist society.

In short, Karl Marx offered a framework that highlights the economic structure and social conflict as the foundation for understanding society and historical transformation. His contributions remain central to sociology and social theory today.