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Role of Tecomella undulata (Desert Teak, Lohiro/Rohiro): Ecological, Economic & Cultural Importance in the Thar Desert
Tecomella undulata (Locally known as Rohiro/Lohiro, family Bignoniaceae) is one of the most iconic tree species of the Thar Desert of Pakistan and India. Often referred to as the “Lifeline of the Thar Desert”, this drought-hardy tree plays a vital role in sustaining biodiversity, supporting rural livelihoods, stabilizing desert ecosystems, and offering medicinal, ecological, and socio-economic benefits.
Ecological Importance
Keystone Species of Arid Ecosystems
Tecomella undulata is a keystone desert tree that provides:
• Shade and microclimate regulation in extreme heat (45–50°C).
• Habitat and nesting sites for birds, reptiles, and insects.
• Shelter for livestock during droughts.
Its presence increases local biodiversity by making harsh areas habitable for flora and fauna.
Soil Conservation & Desert Stabilization
• Strong root system binds sandy soils.
• Reduces wind erosion and land degradation.
• Improves soil organic matter through leaf litter.
• Plays a crucial role in fighting desertification, especially in erosion-prone dunes.
Drought and Heat Tolerance
The species survives:
• Extremely low rainfall (100–300 mm annually)
• High evapotranspiration rates
• Prolonged drought of months to years
This makes it an essential species for climate-resilient forestry in the Thar Desert.
Economic Importance
High-Value Timber
The wood is:
• Durable, strong, and termite-resistant
• Highly prized in furniture, handicrafts, and building materials
• Comparable to teak in quality
In Rajasthan and Tharparkar, carpenters consider it a premium timber for:
• Decorative furniture
• Door frames
• Agricultural implements
This generates a substantial livelihood for rural artisans.
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2.2 Income for Local Communities
Communities depend on:
• Wood sales
• Flowers used in local recipes and traditional drinks
• Leaves used for fodder during drought periods
• Sustainable harvest provides long-term income
It is a socio-economic backbone for thousands of families in Thar.
Importance for Livestock & Fodder Security
Livestock (camel, goat, sheep) form the main economy in Thar.
Tecomella undulata provides:
• Nutritious leaves (crude protein 12–14%) as emergency fodder
• Shade and shelter in open grazing areas
• Support for camel browsing during dry seasons
This contributes to food security and poverty reduction.
Medicinal Importance
Various parts of the tree are used in traditional herbal medicine:
Plant Part Traditional Uses
Bark Treats liver disorders, dysentery, skin diseases, ulcers
Flowers Cooling effect; used in decoctions for fever
Leaves Anti-inflammatory, useful in skin ailments
Wood ash Applied for wound healing
Cultural Importance
• Considered a culturally sacred tree in Thar communities.
• Used in local festivals, rituals, and folk traditions.
• Presence of Rohida trees is a sign of prosperity and good land fertility.
Its flowers add colour to the desert landscape, making it aesthetically significant.
Role in Climate Change Adaptation
Tecomella undulata helps combat climate change effects by:
• Carbon sequestration in arid zones
• Reducing land degradation
• Providing drought-resistant biomass
• Supporting resilient livelihoods
Threats to Tecomella undulata in Thar Desert
Despite its importance, the species is under pressure due to:
• Over-extraction for timber
• Reduced natural regeneration
• Grazing pressure on seedlings
• Habitat degradation
• Climate change impacts
It is categorized as Near Threatened in some regional assessments.