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Top 5 Cognitive Biases That Quietly Ruin Our Lives 🧠
Here are the most common "brain traps" with examples from everyday life:
Dunning-Kruger Effect
People with low competence overestimate their abilities, while highly skilled ones underestimate theirs.
Example: A beginner after one driving lesson thinks they're already a pro and drives recklessly, while an experienced driver constantly doubts themselves.
Confirmation Bias
We seek out and notice only information that confirms our existing beliefs, ignoring everything else.
Example: If you think a colleague is lazy, you'll only notice the times they arrive late and overlook when they stay late.
Anchoring Effect
The first piece of information we hear strongly influences all subsequent judgments.
Example: In a store, you see a jacket for 20,000 $, and next to it the exact same one for 12,000 $ with a "discount." It seems like a great deal, even though the real price could have been 8,000 $.
Availability Heuristic
We judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily we can recall similar examples.
Example: After watching news about plane crashes, you're afraid to fly, even though statistically it's one of the safest modes of transportation.
Fundamental Attribution Error
We explain others' actions by their character ("he's a rude person"), but our own by circumstances ("I was tired, that's why I snapped").
Example: A driver cuts you off — "what a jerk!", but when you cut someone off — "I'm in a hurry, there's traffic!"
Awareness of these biases is the first step toward more objective decisions.


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