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Mohammad Bin Qasim Episode No. 55
The Young Muslim Conqueror of Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim was a remarkable young general and one of the most prominent figures in early Islamic history. Born in 695 CE in the city of Taif (present-day Saudi Arabia), he belonged to the powerful and respected Banu Thaqif tribe. From a very young age, he exhibited leadership, intelligence, and military talent that would later make him a legendary figure in Islamic and South Asian history.
At just 17 years old, Mohammad Bin Qasim led one of the earliest and most successful military expeditions into the Indian subcontinent. This historic campaign took place in 711 CE, under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, which was then led by Caliph Al-Walid I. The mission was ordered by Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, the powerful governor of Iraq and the eastern provinces, who also happened to be Mohammad Bin Qasim’s uncle.
The military campaign was launched in response to a call for justice. Pirates from the Sindh region (in present-day Pakistan) had attacked Arab trading ships near the port of Debal, capturing Muslim women and children. When diplomatic solutions failed, the Umayyad leadership decided to take military action.
Despite his young age, Mohammad Bin Qasim proved to be a brilliant strategist and fearless leader. With a well-equipped army, including cavalry, infantry, and war elephants, he crossed the treacherous deserts of Makran and entered Sindh. His first major victory came with the capture of Debal, a fortified port city. He ordered the construction of a large catapult named “Arus” to breach the city walls. Once Debal fell, it opened the gateway to the rest of Sindh.
Over the next few months, Mohammad Bin Qasim continued his victorious march. He defeated Raja Dahir, the Hindu ruler of Sindh, at the Battle of Aror. Dahir’s defeat marked a turning point in the region’s history, as Muslim rule was firmly established. Mohammad Bin Qasim’s campaign extended as far as Multan, earning him the title “Conqueror of Sindh.”
But what made Mohammad Bin Qasim’s rule notable was not just his military success, but also his governance. He implemented Islamic principles of justice and tolerance. The local population, including Hindus and Buddhists, were allowed to practice their religions freely under the status of “dhimmis” (non-Muslims under Muslim protection). He also ensured fair taxation and protection of life and property, which helped gain the support of many local communities.
Unfortunately, Mohammad Bin Qasim’s success was short-lived. Political changes in the Umayyad Caliphate, especially after the death of Caliph Al-Walid I and the fall from power of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, led to his downfall. He was recalled to Iraq under false charges and, tragically, died in prison in 715 CE at the age of just 20.
Despite his short life, Mohammad Bin Qasim’s impact was long-lasting. His conquest marked the beginning of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, influencing the region's culture, trade, and religious dynamics for centuries to come. He is remembered as a symbol of youthful courage, military genius, and principled leadership.
Today, Mohammad Bin Qasim remains a celebrated figure in Islamic and South Asian history. His story is not just about battles, but about vision, justice, and the spread of a new civilization. His legacy lives on in history books, monuments, and the hearts of millions who view him as a hero who changed the course of history before reaching the age of 21.
Allah Hafiz
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