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⚙️ What is a Servo Motor?

A servo motor is a type of motor that is precisely controlled in terms of position, speed, and angle.
Unlike normal DC motors (which just spin when powered), servos move to an exact position when you tell them to.

🧩 Main Parts of a Servo Motor

DC Motor → does the actual rotation

Gearbox → reduces speed and increases torque (strength)

Potentiometer (feedback sensor) → measures the shaft angle

Control Circuit → compares desired position vs. actual position and adjusts the motor

🎮 How It Works

Servos use a PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation) for control.

The width of the pulse tells the servo what angle to move to:

~1 MS pulse → around 0° (left)

~1.5 MS pulse → around 90° (center)

~2 MS pulse → around 180° (right)

So when your Arduino sends my servo. Write(90), it actually sends a pulse around 1.5 MS, and the servo moves its horn to 90°.

🔎 Types of Servo Motors

Standard Servo → rotates about 0°–180° (sometimes 270°)

Continuous Rotation Servo → spins like a DC motor but speed & direction are controlled by PWM

Micro Servos → small size, used in robotics and hobby projects

High Torque Servos → bigger, stronger, used in RC cars, drones, and robotics arms

🔋 Servo Motor Wiring

Typical servo has 3 wires:

Signal (Orange/Yellow/White) → Arduino PWM pin (e.g., D10)

VCC (Red) → +5V supply

GND (Brown/Black) → Ground

⚠️ Important: Servos draw more current than the Arduino can supply.

For small micro servos → Arduino 5V is fine.

For bigger servos → use an external 5V supply (with common ground to Arduino).

🛠️ Common Applications

Robotics (arms, walking robots)

RC cars, boats, planes (steering, flaps, rudders)

Automatic doors / locks

Cameras & gimbals (pan/tilt control)

Smart bins, toys, animatronics
https://codeshare.io/am881w for code