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Flight radar systems, like those used by Flightradar24, track aircraft using several technologies:

ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast): This is the primary technology. Aircraft equipped with ADS-B transponders broadcast their position, altitude, speed, and other data. Ground-based receivers pick up these signals and send the data to a central server, which then displays it on flight tracking maps.
MLAT (Multilateration): In areas with multiple receivers, the position of aircraft without ADS-B can be calculated using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of signals from the aircraft’s transponder. This requires at least four receivers to accurately determine the aircraft’s position.
Satellite Tracking: For areas with limited ground-based receiver coverage, such as over oceans, satellite-based ADS-B receivers are used to track aircraft. This helps provide global coverage.
These technologies combined allow for comprehensive and real-time tracking of flights around the world.