Скачать или смотреть How Transformers Work: Step-Up vs. Step-Down Explained

Concept Definition A Transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It is used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) voltage levels while maintaining the same frequency.

The Formula The relationship between Voltage (V), Current (I), and the Number of Turns (N) in the coils is described by the Turn Ratio:

Vs / Vp = Ns / Np = Ip / Is

Vp: Primary Voltage

Vs: Secondary Voltage

Np: Number of turns in Primary Coil

Ns: Number of turns in Secondary Coil

SI Units

Voltage: Volts (V)

Current: Amperes (A)

Frequency: Hertz (Hz)

Inductance: Henry (H)

The Logic (How it Works)

Input: Alternating Current (AC) flows into the Primary Coil.

Magnetic Field: This creates a fluctuating magnetic flux in the iron Core.

Induction: The flux flows to the Secondary Coil, inducing an Electromotive Force (EMF) based on Faraday's Law.

Output: Electricity flows out at a different voltage level depending on the number of turns in the coil.

Real-Life Application

Power Grid: Stepping up voltage to 400,000V+ for efficient long-distance transmission.

Home Electronics: Stepping down 220V/110V from the wall outlet to 5V to charge your smartphone safely.

CHAPTERS
00:00 - The Mystery Box on Your Street
00:58 - The Big Problem: Why DC Power Failed
01:34 - The History: Faraday & The Invention
02:05 - The "Magic Box" Concept (Static Device)
02:35 - The Whisper Analogy (How it Works)
03:17 - Inside the Core: Primary vs Secondary
04:04 - Step-Up vs Step-Down Transformers
04:34 - The Energy Theft: Why They Aren't Perfect
05:06 - Thief #1: Copper Loss
05:26 - Thief #2: Eddy Currents
05:50 - Thief #3: Hysteresis Loss
06:14 - Future Tech: Smart & Solid State Transformers

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