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SAST & SCA Scan :

SAST (Static Application Security Testing) and SCA (Software Composition Analysis) are both methods for analyzing applications to find vulnerabilities, but they focus on different types of code. SAST examines the proprietary code written by an organization, while SCA scans the open-source and third-party components that the application uses. For robust security, both are essential and are often used together in a modern development pipeline.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
SAST is a "white-box" testing method that analyzes an application's source code, bytecode, or binary code without executing it. It is most effective when used early in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), also known as "shifting left," to find vulnerabilities while they are still cheap and easy to fix.
What it does:
Scans internally developed code for common vulnerabilities.
Identifies insecure coding practices, such as:
SQL injection
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
Buffer overflows
Insecure handling of data
Provides detailed feedback to developers, often pointing to the exact line of code where the flaw exists.
Helps enforce coding standards and compliance with regulations like PCI DSS.
Limitations:
Cannot detect vulnerabilities in third-party or open-source components.
Is not effective at finding runtime vulnerabilities, business logic flaws, or configuration errors.
Some SAST tools can produce a high number of false positives, which can lead to "alert fatigue" for developers.
Software Composition Analysis (SCA)
SCA is an automated process for identifying the open-source software within a codebase. Modern applications are typically composed of 80% to 90% open-source code, making SCA a critical part of a complete security strategy.
What it does:
Creates an inventory, or Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), of all open-source and third-party components, including direct and transitive dependencies.
Checks the components against databases of known vulnerabilities, such as the National Vulnerability Database (NVD).
Alerts developers when outdated or vulnerable libraries are detected.
Assists with license compliance by tracking the licenses of open-source components.
Limitations:
Focuses exclusively on third-party code and cannot analyze vulnerabilities in custom, proprietary code.
Only identifies known vulnerabilities that have been disclosed and added to a database, not zero-day threats in dependencies.
Can generate false positives or irrelevant results if not properly configured, such as flagging a vulnerable component that the application does not actually use.